COMMUNITY HEALTH EVALUATION SET ANSWERS
AND QUESTIONS SET A+
✔✔When chronic disease became a more important cause of death in developed
countries, different epidemiologic models were developed to study the many factors
involved in the development of these health conditions. Which is an example of such a
model?
a. Person-place-time model
b. Epidemiologic triangle
c. Web of causation
d. Wheel model - ✔✔c. Web of causation
Chronic disease is marked by a complexity of relationships among causal factors. The
web of causation model illustrates the interrelationships. The person-place-time model
organized epidemiologists' investigations of the disease pattern in the community. The
epidemiological triangle considers the extent of the host's exposure to the agent, the
virulence of the agent, and the host's genetic or immunological susceptibility to the
agent. The wheel model is an example of a model that stresses the multiplicity of host
and environmental interactions.
✔✔A community health nurse participating in planning programs for the coming year
considers incidence rates to better understand the needs of the community. Which
statement below is the most accurate explanation of incidence rates?
a. New cases of a disease or condition in a community over a period of time are
included in incidence rates.
b. The number of all cases of a specific disease or condition in a population at a given
point in time relative to the population at the same point in time is included in incidence
rates.
c. Incidence rate refers to the number of new cases of a disease in those exposed to
the disease.
d. The term incidence rate refers to the percentage of deaths in a specific period of time
from a specific cause. - ✔✔a. New cases of a disease or condition in a community over
a period of time are included in incidence rates.
, Incidence rates describe the occurrence of new cases of a disease or condition in a
community during a period of time relative to the size of the population at risk for that
disease or condition during that same time period. In calculating this rate, the numerator
is the number of new cases during the specific period of time, and the denominator
consists only of those who are at risk for developing the disease or condition during the
specific period of time. A prevalence rate is the number of all cases of a specific disease
or condition in a population at a given point in time relative to the population at the same
point in time. Attack rates document the number of new cases of a disease in those
exposed to the disease. The percentage of deaths in a specific period of time from a
specific cause refers to the mortality rate.
✔✔An epidemic is occurring in a public health nurse's community, and the nurse is
working with the epidemiologist and other health professionals seeking to identify the
causative agent. What phrase best describes such efforts?
a. Cohort study
b. Descriptive epidemiology
c. Point prevalence study
d. Analytic epidemiology - ✔✔d. Analytic epidemiology
Analytic epidemiology investigates the causes of disease by determining why a disease
rate is lower in one population group than in another. This method tests hypotheses
generated from descriptive data and either accepts or rejects them on the basis of
analytic research. Cohort studies obtain information about the cause of disease by
establishing a relationship between the presumed causal factors and the effect. The
study of the amount and distribution of disease constitutes descriptive epidemiology.
When prevalence rates describe the number of people with the disease at a specific
point in time, they are sometimes called point prevalences.
✔✔A community nurse is reviewing health statistics to gain a better understanding of a
population's health needs. Crude rates are available for several health occurrences.
What statement accurately describes crude rates?
a. In calculating a crude rate, the numerator is the size of the population at risk.
b. In calculating a crude rate, the total population size may be used as denominator.
c. The denominator in a crude rate represents the population at risk for the event.
d. Crude rates are used frequently because they avoid bias in interpretation. - ✔✔b. In
calculating a crude rate, the total population size may be used as denominator.
Crude rates are calculated by using the number of events as the numerator. The
denominator used may be the total population size or the population size at midyear
and not the population at risk. Crude rates are subject to certain biases in interpretation.
✔✔The percentage of deaths resulting from a specific cause provides the nurse with
information about areas in which public health programs might make significant
contributions in reducing deaths. Select the statistic often used for this purpose.
a. Proportionate mortality rate
b. Crude death rate
c. Age-adjusted death rate
AND QUESTIONS SET A+
✔✔When chronic disease became a more important cause of death in developed
countries, different epidemiologic models were developed to study the many factors
involved in the development of these health conditions. Which is an example of such a
model?
a. Person-place-time model
b. Epidemiologic triangle
c. Web of causation
d. Wheel model - ✔✔c. Web of causation
Chronic disease is marked by a complexity of relationships among causal factors. The
web of causation model illustrates the interrelationships. The person-place-time model
organized epidemiologists' investigations of the disease pattern in the community. The
epidemiological triangle considers the extent of the host's exposure to the agent, the
virulence of the agent, and the host's genetic or immunological susceptibility to the
agent. The wheel model is an example of a model that stresses the multiplicity of host
and environmental interactions.
✔✔A community health nurse participating in planning programs for the coming year
considers incidence rates to better understand the needs of the community. Which
statement below is the most accurate explanation of incidence rates?
a. New cases of a disease or condition in a community over a period of time are
included in incidence rates.
b. The number of all cases of a specific disease or condition in a population at a given
point in time relative to the population at the same point in time is included in incidence
rates.
c. Incidence rate refers to the number of new cases of a disease in those exposed to
the disease.
d. The term incidence rate refers to the percentage of deaths in a specific period of time
from a specific cause. - ✔✔a. New cases of a disease or condition in a community over
a period of time are included in incidence rates.
, Incidence rates describe the occurrence of new cases of a disease or condition in a
community during a period of time relative to the size of the population at risk for that
disease or condition during that same time period. In calculating this rate, the numerator
is the number of new cases during the specific period of time, and the denominator
consists only of those who are at risk for developing the disease or condition during the
specific period of time. A prevalence rate is the number of all cases of a specific disease
or condition in a population at a given point in time relative to the population at the same
point in time. Attack rates document the number of new cases of a disease in those
exposed to the disease. The percentage of deaths in a specific period of time from a
specific cause refers to the mortality rate.
✔✔An epidemic is occurring in a public health nurse's community, and the nurse is
working with the epidemiologist and other health professionals seeking to identify the
causative agent. What phrase best describes such efforts?
a. Cohort study
b. Descriptive epidemiology
c. Point prevalence study
d. Analytic epidemiology - ✔✔d. Analytic epidemiology
Analytic epidemiology investigates the causes of disease by determining why a disease
rate is lower in one population group than in another. This method tests hypotheses
generated from descriptive data and either accepts or rejects them on the basis of
analytic research. Cohort studies obtain information about the cause of disease by
establishing a relationship between the presumed causal factors and the effect. The
study of the amount and distribution of disease constitutes descriptive epidemiology.
When prevalence rates describe the number of people with the disease at a specific
point in time, they are sometimes called point prevalences.
✔✔A community nurse is reviewing health statistics to gain a better understanding of a
population's health needs. Crude rates are available for several health occurrences.
What statement accurately describes crude rates?
a. In calculating a crude rate, the numerator is the size of the population at risk.
b. In calculating a crude rate, the total population size may be used as denominator.
c. The denominator in a crude rate represents the population at risk for the event.
d. Crude rates are used frequently because they avoid bias in interpretation. - ✔✔b. In
calculating a crude rate, the total population size may be used as denominator.
Crude rates are calculated by using the number of events as the numerator. The
denominator used may be the total population size or the population size at midyear
and not the population at risk. Crude rates are subject to certain biases in interpretation.
✔✔The percentage of deaths resulting from a specific cause provides the nurse with
information about areas in which public health programs might make significant
contributions in reducing deaths. Select the statistic often used for this purpose.
a. Proportionate mortality rate
b. Crude death rate
c. Age-adjusted death rate
