PCCN CARDIAC TEST PAPER QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS SET A+
✔✔Pseudoaneurysm - ✔✔Pulsating mass, bruit, localized pain
Notify MD
DO NOT apply pressure
✔✔What is the #1 risk for PAD? - ✔✔Smoking
Exposure to 2nd Hand smoke also has immediate CV effects
Structured exercise programs are beneficial
✔✔Epicardial Wires - ✔✔Most effective pacing modality, if available
✔✔DIC - ✔✔Serious, life threatening
Clotting mechanism becomes overactive, eventually —> severe, uncontrolled bleeding
Tx includes platelets, FFP, cryoprecipitate
✔✔S/S of DIC - ✔✔Elevated D Dimer, decreased platelet count, low fibrinogen
Petichiae
✔✔Second Degree Heart Block Type II - ✔✔AKA Mobitz 2
Intermittent non-conducted P waves with normal PRI
Random dropped beats
✔✔Surgical Treatment of Cardiogenic Shock - ✔✔MI —> PCI
CABG
Valve repair/ replacement
Heart Transplant
✔✔What is the Goal of Care in Cardiogenic Shock? - ✔✔Fix the underlying cause
Maintain adequate arterial pressure —> CO
, ✔✔What is the Gold Standard test for Cardiac Tamponade? - ✔✔Echocardiogram
TTE preferred, most specific/ sensitive
TEE
✔✔pericardial window - ✔✔surgical creation of a drainage portal through the
pericardium to treat pericardial effusion/cardiac tamponade
Used in patients with chest trauma
✔✔Cardiac Tamponade Treatment - ✔✔Pericardiocentesis
Pericardial window
Pericardial drain
VATS
Vasopressors (profound hypotension)
Semi Fowler's positioning
Dobutamine, Milrinone
✔✔Cardiac Tamponade can lead to: - ✔✔Cardiogenic Shock
Heart Failure
Pulmonary edema
Cardiac Arrest
✔✔Pathophysiology of Cardiac Tamponade - ✔✔Decreased CO —> Decreased O2
delivery
✔✔Non-ischemic Causes of Chest Pain - ✔✔Pericarditis
Cardiac Tamponade
Myocarditis
Aortic Dissection
Myocardial Contusion
Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP)
Cariomyopathies
✔✔Symptoms of Cardiac Ischemia - ✔✔Diaphoresis
Chest Pain (squeezing/ ripping/ heaviness)
SOB
✔✔Most Common Cardiomyopathy - ✔✔Dilated Cardiomyopathy
✔✔Dilated Cardiomyopathy - ✔✔Heart walls are stretched
Decreased O2 (ischemic)
Infection, Toxins, Genetics, Autoimmune, Stress (non-ischemic)
✔✔Takutsubo Cardiomyopathy - ✔✔AKA "broken heart"
D/t increased physical/ emotional stress
More Common in women
ANSWERS SET A+
✔✔Pseudoaneurysm - ✔✔Pulsating mass, bruit, localized pain
Notify MD
DO NOT apply pressure
✔✔What is the #1 risk for PAD? - ✔✔Smoking
Exposure to 2nd Hand smoke also has immediate CV effects
Structured exercise programs are beneficial
✔✔Epicardial Wires - ✔✔Most effective pacing modality, if available
✔✔DIC - ✔✔Serious, life threatening
Clotting mechanism becomes overactive, eventually —> severe, uncontrolled bleeding
Tx includes platelets, FFP, cryoprecipitate
✔✔S/S of DIC - ✔✔Elevated D Dimer, decreased platelet count, low fibrinogen
Petichiae
✔✔Second Degree Heart Block Type II - ✔✔AKA Mobitz 2
Intermittent non-conducted P waves with normal PRI
Random dropped beats
✔✔Surgical Treatment of Cardiogenic Shock - ✔✔MI —> PCI
CABG
Valve repair/ replacement
Heart Transplant
✔✔What is the Goal of Care in Cardiogenic Shock? - ✔✔Fix the underlying cause
Maintain adequate arterial pressure —> CO
, ✔✔What is the Gold Standard test for Cardiac Tamponade? - ✔✔Echocardiogram
TTE preferred, most specific/ sensitive
TEE
✔✔pericardial window - ✔✔surgical creation of a drainage portal through the
pericardium to treat pericardial effusion/cardiac tamponade
Used in patients with chest trauma
✔✔Cardiac Tamponade Treatment - ✔✔Pericardiocentesis
Pericardial window
Pericardial drain
VATS
Vasopressors (profound hypotension)
Semi Fowler's positioning
Dobutamine, Milrinone
✔✔Cardiac Tamponade can lead to: - ✔✔Cardiogenic Shock
Heart Failure
Pulmonary edema
Cardiac Arrest
✔✔Pathophysiology of Cardiac Tamponade - ✔✔Decreased CO —> Decreased O2
delivery
✔✔Non-ischemic Causes of Chest Pain - ✔✔Pericarditis
Cardiac Tamponade
Myocarditis
Aortic Dissection
Myocardial Contusion
Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP)
Cariomyopathies
✔✔Symptoms of Cardiac Ischemia - ✔✔Diaphoresis
Chest Pain (squeezing/ ripping/ heaviness)
SOB
✔✔Most Common Cardiomyopathy - ✔✔Dilated Cardiomyopathy
✔✔Dilated Cardiomyopathy - ✔✔Heart walls are stretched
Decreased O2 (ischemic)
Infection, Toxins, Genetics, Autoimmune, Stress (non-ischemic)
✔✔Takutsubo Cardiomyopathy - ✔✔AKA "broken heart"
D/t increased physical/ emotional stress
More Common in women
