Essentials OF Pathophysiology EXAM
Questions and
Answers Verified Solutions Latest
Update
Question:
What things can cause hypercalemia?.
Answer:
overactive parathyroid, excessive vitamin D, leukemia, (osteoclasts breaking down too
much).
Question:
What are signs and symptoms of hypercalcemia/hypermagnesemia?.
Answer:
diminished reflexes, headaches, confusion, lethargy, muscle weakness, kidney stones,
cardiac arrhythmias.
Question:
What is hypocalcemia?.
Answer:
low calcium Ca<8.5
Question:
What are causes of hypocalcemia?.
Answer:
vitamin D deficiency, burns, poor nutrition, alkalosis, underactive thyroid.
,Question:
What are signs and symptoms of hypocalcemia/ hypomagnesemia?.
Answer:
increased muscle excitability, hyperactive reflexes, tingling in the muscles, tetany,
positive trousseau and chvostek signs, tremors.
Question:
What is hypermagnesemia?.
Answer:
High Magnesium Mg> 2.5
Question:
What things can cause hypermagnesemia?.
Answer:
renal failure, excessive laxative/ antacid use.
Question:
What is hypomagnesemia?.
Answer:
Low magnesium Mg< 1.8
Question:
What things can cause hypo magnesemia?.
Answer:
low intake, alcoholism, malnutrition, pregnancy, diarrhea, diuretics.
Question:
What is hyperphosphatemia?.
Answer:
High phosphates P>4.5
, Question:
What things can cause hyperphosphatemia?.
Answer:
renal failure, hypoparathyroidism, adrenal insufficiency, hypothyroidism, laxatives,
Question:
What is hypophosphatemia?.
Answer:
Low phosphates P< 2.5
Question:
What things can cause hypophosphatemia?.
Answer:
hyperparathyroidism, alkalosis,deficient intake, vitamin D deficiency, alcoholism, low
dietary intake.
Question:
What electrolyte balance do we see with a positive chovstek and trousseaus sign?.
Answer:
Hypocalcemia
Question:
What is a positive trousseaus sign?.
Answer:
BP. When pressure is on the arm, the hand will cramp and curl.
Question:
What is a positive chvostek sign?.
Answer:
Tap on the face and the person's eye/cheek twitch.
Questions and
Answers Verified Solutions Latest
Update
Question:
What things can cause hypercalemia?.
Answer:
overactive parathyroid, excessive vitamin D, leukemia, (osteoclasts breaking down too
much).
Question:
What are signs and symptoms of hypercalcemia/hypermagnesemia?.
Answer:
diminished reflexes, headaches, confusion, lethargy, muscle weakness, kidney stones,
cardiac arrhythmias.
Question:
What is hypocalcemia?.
Answer:
low calcium Ca<8.5
Question:
What are causes of hypocalcemia?.
Answer:
vitamin D deficiency, burns, poor nutrition, alkalosis, underactive thyroid.
,Question:
What are signs and symptoms of hypocalcemia/ hypomagnesemia?.
Answer:
increased muscle excitability, hyperactive reflexes, tingling in the muscles, tetany,
positive trousseau and chvostek signs, tremors.
Question:
What is hypermagnesemia?.
Answer:
High Magnesium Mg> 2.5
Question:
What things can cause hypermagnesemia?.
Answer:
renal failure, excessive laxative/ antacid use.
Question:
What is hypomagnesemia?.
Answer:
Low magnesium Mg< 1.8
Question:
What things can cause hypo magnesemia?.
Answer:
low intake, alcoholism, malnutrition, pregnancy, diarrhea, diuretics.
Question:
What is hyperphosphatemia?.
Answer:
High phosphates P>4.5
, Question:
What things can cause hyperphosphatemia?.
Answer:
renal failure, hypoparathyroidism, adrenal insufficiency, hypothyroidism, laxatives,
Question:
What is hypophosphatemia?.
Answer:
Low phosphates P< 2.5
Question:
What things can cause hypophosphatemia?.
Answer:
hyperparathyroidism, alkalosis,deficient intake, vitamin D deficiency, alcoholism, low
dietary intake.
Question:
What electrolyte balance do we see with a positive chovstek and trousseaus sign?.
Answer:
Hypocalcemia
Question:
What is a positive trousseaus sign?.
Answer:
BP. When pressure is on the arm, the hand will cramp and curl.
Question:
What is a positive chvostek sign?.
Answer:
Tap on the face and the person's eye/cheek twitch.
