APHY 101 IVY TECH MIDTERM COMPLETE EXAM STUDY QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS | EXPERT A GRADED A+

APHY 101 IVY TECH MIDTERM COMPLETE EXAM STUDY QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS | EXPERT A GRADED A+ 1. What is the difference between anatomy and physiology? - ANSWER anatomy is study of body structure and physiology is study of how those structures work 2. What are the levels of organization and define each - ANSWER organelle: cell structure that carries out special function in the cell cell: basic unit of structure & function in a living thing tissue: a group of similar cells that are organized to do a specific job organ: a collection of tissues that carry out a specialized function of the body organ system: group of organs that work together to perform a specific function organism: a living thing made of a group of organ systems 3. what happens / what is produced when salts dissolve in water? - ANSWER water molecules pull sodium and chloride apart, breaking the ionic bond - a homogeneous system is produced 4. what is an acid? - ANSWER An acid is a source of hydrogen ions, H⁺ 5. What is a base? - ANSWER proton acceptor 6. What is the pH scale? - ANSWER measures how acidic or basic a substance is 7. what ions are involved in the ph scale - ANSWER hydrogen and hydroxide ions 8. what is the difference between an organic molecule and an inorganic molecule - ANSWER Organic molecules have carbon-hydrogen bonds. Inorganic molecules do not contain carbon-hydrogen bonds. 9. What is dehydration synthesis? - ANSWER the process of joining two molecules, or compounds, together following the removal of water 10. What is hydrolysis? - ANSWER the chemical breakdown of a compound due to reaction with water. 11. What are carbohydrates? - ANSWER sugars and starches 12. What are lipids? - ANSWER fats 13. What are proteins? - ANSWER polymers of amino acids 14. What are nucleic acids? - ANSWER macromolecules containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus 15. explain the structure of a triglyceride - ANSWER glycerol backbone and three fatty acids bonded to the backbone in an ester linkage 16. Explain phospholipids - ANSWER class of lipids whose molecule has a hydrophilic "head" containing a phosphate group, and two hydrophobic "tails" derived from fatty acids, joined by an alcohol residue 17. explain steroid molecules - ANSWER class of natural or synthetic organic compounds characterized by a molecular structure of 17 carbon atoms arranged in four rings. 18. what is the function of a triglyceride - ANSWER store unused calories and provide energy 19. what is the function of a phospholipid - ANSWER form a boundary between the cell and the environment 20. what is the function of a steroid - ANSWER alter membrane fluid, signaling molecules 21. What is an amino acid? - ANSWER building blocks of proteins 22. What are the characteristics of life and define each - ANSWER Responsiveness to the environment, growth and change, ability to reproduce, have a metabolism and breathe, maintain homeostasis, being made of cells, passing traits to offspring 23. what are the requirements of life? why is each important? - ANSWER water: needed to transport substances to regulate the body food: needed to supply energy and for regulation oxygen: needed to help release energy from food substances heat: needed to regulate the rate of metabolic processes pressure: needed for breathing and circulation 24. Define homeostasis - ANSWER Maintaining a stable internal environment 25. what is a homeostatic mechanism - ANSWER tendency to maintain relatively constant conditions in the environment 26. Define matter, element and atom. What is the basic unit of matter? - ANSWER matter: any substance that has mass and takes up space atom: smallest unit of ordinary matter basic unit of matter: atoms 27. what is the structure of an atom - ANSWER protons, neutrons, electrons 28. define nucleus, proton, neutron, and electron. What charges do each of these particles have? - ANSWER nucleus: central core of an atom, positive proton: stable subatomic particle, positive neutron: subatomic particle, no charge electron: stable subatomic particle, negative 29. what are covalent, ionic and hydrogen bonds and what are the differences between the three? - ANSWER covalent: 2 atoms shared 1 or more molecules hydrogen: weak bond between 2 opposite positively charged sides of 2 or more molecules ionic bond: atom gives away one or more electrons to another atom 30. Define synthesis - ANSWER the production of chemical compounds by reaction from simpler materials.