NUR 550 CORE REVIEW QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS SET A+
✔✔Examples of vitamin K-rich foods? - ✔✔Leafy greens such as spinach, kale,
collards.
✔✔Key warfarin teaching? - ✔✔Keep vitamin K intake consistent, monitor INR, report
bleeding, check drug interactions.
✔✔Common warfarin drug interaction concern? - ✔✔Antibiotics, NSAIDs, amiodarone,
many supplements, and other anticoagulants/antiplatelets.
✔✔Most concerning adverse effect of anticoagulation? - ✔✔Bleeding.
✔✔Lifestyle interventions for hypertension? - ✔✔Weight loss, DASH diet, sodium
restriction, physical activity, smoking cessation, alcohol moderation.
✔✔ACE inhibitor mechanism? - ✔✔Inhibits conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II,
reducing vasoconstriction and aldosterone.
✔✔Common ACE inhibitors? - ✔✔Lisinopril, enalapril, captopril, ramipril.
✔✔Common ACE inhibitor adverse effects? - ✔✔Cough, hyperkalemia, hypotension,
renal function changes, angioedema.
✔✔Why can ACE inhibitors cause cough? - ✔✔Accumulation of bradykinin.
✔✔When should an ARB be substituted for an ACE inhibitor? - ✔✔When ACE inhibitor
cough occurs or ACE inhibitor is not tolerated.
✔✔ARB mechanism? - ✔✔Blocks angiotensin II receptor, reducing vasoconstriction and
aldosterone effects.
, ✔✔Common ARBs? - ✔✔Losartan, valsartan, candesartan, olmesartan.
✔✔Advantage of ARBs compared with ACE inhibitors? - ✔✔Less cough and less
bradykinin-mediated angioedema risk.
✔✔Are ACE inhibitors and ARBs safe in pregnancy? - ✔✔No, they are contraindicated
in pregnancy.
✔✔Preferred antihypertensives in pregnancy? - ✔✔Labetalol, nifedipine, and
methyldopa.
✔✔What do current lipid guidelines emphasize? - ✔✔Overall ASCVD risk and
appropriate statin intensity.
✔✔High-intensity statins lower LDL by approximately how much? - ✔✔At least 50%.
✔✔Moderate-intensity statins lower LDL by approximately how much? - ✔✔About 30-
49%.
✔✔Examples of high-intensity statins? - ✔✔Atorvastatin 40-80 mg; rosuvastatin 20-40
mg.
✔✔Examples of moderate-intensity statins? - ✔✔Atorvastatin 10-20 mg, rosuvastatin 5-
10 mg, simvastatin 20-40 mg, pravastatin 40-80 mg.
✔✔Major statin adverse effects? - ✔✔Myalgias, myopathy, rhabdomyolysis, elevated
liver enzymes.
✔✔What should be assessed with new muscle symptoms on a statin? - ✔✔Symptom
severity, CK if severe, renal function if rhabdo suspected, and drug interactions.
✔✔What lab is useful when statin-induced myopathy is suspected? - ✔✔CK.
✔✔Components of metabolic syndrome? - ✔✔Hypertension, dyslipidemia, central
obesity, and insulin resistance.
✔✔Metabolic syndrome increases risk for what? - ✔✔Type 2 diabetes and
cardiovascular disease.
✔✔Loop diuretic mechanism? - ✔✔Inhibits sodium-potassium-chloride reabsorption in
the loop of Henle.
✔✔Common loop diuretics? - ✔✔Furosemide, bumetanide, torsemide.
ANSWERS SET A+
✔✔Examples of vitamin K-rich foods? - ✔✔Leafy greens such as spinach, kale,
collards.
✔✔Key warfarin teaching? - ✔✔Keep vitamin K intake consistent, monitor INR, report
bleeding, check drug interactions.
✔✔Common warfarin drug interaction concern? - ✔✔Antibiotics, NSAIDs, amiodarone,
many supplements, and other anticoagulants/antiplatelets.
✔✔Most concerning adverse effect of anticoagulation? - ✔✔Bleeding.
✔✔Lifestyle interventions for hypertension? - ✔✔Weight loss, DASH diet, sodium
restriction, physical activity, smoking cessation, alcohol moderation.
✔✔ACE inhibitor mechanism? - ✔✔Inhibits conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II,
reducing vasoconstriction and aldosterone.
✔✔Common ACE inhibitors? - ✔✔Lisinopril, enalapril, captopril, ramipril.
✔✔Common ACE inhibitor adverse effects? - ✔✔Cough, hyperkalemia, hypotension,
renal function changes, angioedema.
✔✔Why can ACE inhibitors cause cough? - ✔✔Accumulation of bradykinin.
✔✔When should an ARB be substituted for an ACE inhibitor? - ✔✔When ACE inhibitor
cough occurs or ACE inhibitor is not tolerated.
✔✔ARB mechanism? - ✔✔Blocks angiotensin II receptor, reducing vasoconstriction and
aldosterone effects.
, ✔✔Common ARBs? - ✔✔Losartan, valsartan, candesartan, olmesartan.
✔✔Advantage of ARBs compared with ACE inhibitors? - ✔✔Less cough and less
bradykinin-mediated angioedema risk.
✔✔Are ACE inhibitors and ARBs safe in pregnancy? - ✔✔No, they are contraindicated
in pregnancy.
✔✔Preferred antihypertensives in pregnancy? - ✔✔Labetalol, nifedipine, and
methyldopa.
✔✔What do current lipid guidelines emphasize? - ✔✔Overall ASCVD risk and
appropriate statin intensity.
✔✔High-intensity statins lower LDL by approximately how much? - ✔✔At least 50%.
✔✔Moderate-intensity statins lower LDL by approximately how much? - ✔✔About 30-
49%.
✔✔Examples of high-intensity statins? - ✔✔Atorvastatin 40-80 mg; rosuvastatin 20-40
mg.
✔✔Examples of moderate-intensity statins? - ✔✔Atorvastatin 10-20 mg, rosuvastatin 5-
10 mg, simvastatin 20-40 mg, pravastatin 40-80 mg.
✔✔Major statin adverse effects? - ✔✔Myalgias, myopathy, rhabdomyolysis, elevated
liver enzymes.
✔✔What should be assessed with new muscle symptoms on a statin? - ✔✔Symptom
severity, CK if severe, renal function if rhabdo suspected, and drug interactions.
✔✔What lab is useful when statin-induced myopathy is suspected? - ✔✔CK.
✔✔Components of metabolic syndrome? - ✔✔Hypertension, dyslipidemia, central
obesity, and insulin resistance.
✔✔Metabolic syndrome increases risk for what? - ✔✔Type 2 diabetes and
cardiovascular disease.
✔✔Loop diuretic mechanism? - ✔✔Inhibits sodium-potassium-chloride reabsorption in
the loop of Henle.
✔✔Common loop diuretics? - ✔✔Furosemide, bumetanide, torsemide.
