| PREDIAGNOSTIC EXAM | QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS | VERIFIED ANSWERS | CHAMBERLAIN
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A 52-year-old patient with obesity and type 2 diabetes reports
excessive daytime sleepiness and loud snoring. A sleep study
demonstrates repeated episodes of apnea during sleep. Which
intervention is generally first-line for moderate-to-severe obstructive
sleep apnea?
A. Fluoxetine therapy
B. Continuous positive airway pressure
C. Long-term benzodiazepine therapy
D. Stimulant therapy alone
Answer: B. Continuous positive airway pressure
Rationale: Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) maintains
airway patency during sleep and is a primary treatment for clinically
significant obstructive sleep apnea. Weight management and treatment
of contributing conditions are also important. Antidepressants,
,benzodiazepines, and stimulants do not correct the underlying upper-
airway obstruction and may worsen sleep-related problems.
During a psychiatric assessment, the PMHNP asks the patient to
describe the chief concern, associated symptoms, and relevant positive
and negative findings. Which component of the history is specifically
designed to systematically investigate symptoms associated with the
chief complaint?
A. Review of systems
B. Mental status examination
C. Psychosocial formulation
D. Diagnostic formulation
Answer: A. Review of systems
Rationale: The review of systems systematically evaluates symptoms
across body systems and helps identify pertinent positives and
negatives. The mental status examination focuses on current
psychological functioning, while diagnostic formulation integrates the
collected information to develop diagnostic hypotheses.
A patient reports hearing a voice commanding him to kill himself
tonight. What should the PMHNP do first?
A. Schedule routine follow-up in one month
B. Begin supportive psychotherapy and discharge the patient
C. Immediately assess suicide risk, intent, plan, means, and ability to
,maintain safety
D. reassure the patient that auditory hallucinations are common
Answer: C. Immediately assess suicide risk, intent, plan, means, and
ability to maintain safety
Rationale: Command hallucinations involving self-harm represent a
potentially life-threatening psychiatric emergency. Immediate safety
assessment takes priority. The clinician must determine intent, plan,
and access to means, protective factors, and whether a higher level of
care is required.
Which characteristic most strongly supports a diagnosis of bipolar I
disorder?
A. At least one manic episode
B. Recurrent panic attacks
C. Persistent depressive symptoms only
D. Hypomania without functional impairment
Answer: A. At least one manic episode
Rationale: Bipolar I disorder is defined by the occurrence of at least
one manic episode. A major depressive episode commonly occurs but is
not required for the diagnosis. Bipolar II disorder requires hypomania
and major depression without a history of mania.
A patient taking lithium develops coarse tremor, vomiting, diarrhea,
ataxia, and confusion. What is the most appropriate clinical response?
, A. Increase the lithium dose
B. Continue lithium and reassess in six months
C. Suspect lithium toxicity and obtain an urgent evaluation
D. Add a stimulant
Answer: C. Suspect lithium toxicity and obtain an urgent evaluation
Rationale: Gastrointestinal symptoms, worsening tremor, ataxia, and
altered mental status can indicate lithium toxicity. Lithium has a
narrow therapeutic index, and toxicity can become serious. The
medication should be held pending appropriate clinical evaluation,
with serum lithium level, renal function, electrolytes, and other
indicated assessments obtained.
Which finding is most characteristic of serotonin syndrome?
A. Bradykinesia and lead-pipe rigidity
B. Clonus, hyperreflexia, agitation, and autonomic instability
C. Isolated dry mouth
D. Severe constipation without neurologic findings
Answer: B. Clonus, hyperreflexia, agitation, and autonomic instability
Rationale: Serotonin syndrome commonly involves mental-status
changes, autonomic instability, neuromuscular hyperactivity such as
clonus and hyperreflexia, and gastrointestinal symptoms. It can occur
after serotonergic medication combinations or excessive serotonergic
exposure and requires prompt recognition.