NURSING FUNDAMENTALS • EXAM 4
NSG 3100 Exam 4
Latest 2026/2027
A+
New 50 Questions and Answers
Official-Style Practice Examination • Application & Analysis Level
A+ QUESTIONS SECTIONS 100% RATIONALES
VERIFIED 2 CORE UNITS INCLUDED
CATEGORIES
Section 1
Nutrition (Questions 1–25)
Section 2
Fluid & Electrolytes / Acid-Base Balance (Questions 26–50)
• Multiple-choice format with four options (A–D)
• One mark per question • Total 50 marks
• Passing score: 80% (40/50)
• Bloom’s level: Application / Analysis
• High-yield concepts aligned to public course blueprint
• Each item includes a scenario-based stem and item-specific rationale
STUVIAACTUALEXAM
NSG 3100 Exam 4 Latest 2026/2027 • A+ Verified
, SECTION 1 • NUTRITION (Questions 1–25)
Q1. A 68-year-old client with a BMI of 17.2 is admitted for failure to thrive. The nurse notes the client has lost 12% of
body weight over the past 3 months and reports eating only one small meal daily. Laboratory results show serum
albumin 2.8 g/dL. The nurse recognizes this client is at highest risk for which complication?
A. Delayed wound healing and increased infection risk
B. Hyperglycemia secondary to stress response
C. Fluid volume overload from protein excess
D. Rapid weight gain once oral intake resumes
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Severe protein-calorie malnutrition (low BMI, significant weight loss, hypoalbuminemia) impairs collagen synthesis and
immune function, markedly increasing risk of delayed wound healing and infection. The other options do not align with the
pathophysiology of protein deficiency.
Q2. A nurse is teaching a client with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes about carbohydrate counting. The client asks
why complex carbohydrates are preferred over simple sugars. Which explanation by the nurse is most accurate?
A. Complex carbohydrates contain more calories per gram than simple sugars
B. Simple sugars provide no nutritional value and should be eliminated completely
C. Complex carbohydrates are digested more slowly, producing a gradual rise in blood glucose
D. Complex carbohydrates require insulin for absorption while simple sugars do not
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Complex carbohydrates (starches and fiber) are broken down more slowly than simple sugars, resulting in a more gradual
and sustained rise in blood glucose. This is the key teaching point for glycemic control. Caloric density is identical (4 kcal/g), and both
require insulin for cellular uptake.
Q3. A postoperative client is receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN) via a central line. The nurse notes the TPN bag is
empty and a new bag is not yet available from pharmacy. Which action should the nurse take first?
A. Hang 10% dextrose in water at the same rate to prevent hypoglycemia
B. Hang 0.9% sodium chloride at the same rate until the new bag arrives
C. Discontinue the infusion and flush the central line with heparin
D. Notify the provider and request an order for oral glucose tablets
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Abrupt cessation of TPN can cause severe rebound hypoglycemia because endogenous insulin remains elevated. Infusing
10% dextrose (D10W) at the same rate maintains glucose delivery until the new TPN bag is available. Normal saline lacks dextrose and
does not prevent hypoglycemia.
Q4. A nurse is assessing a client who has been NPO for 4 days following major abdominal surgery and is receiving
only intravenous fluids. Which laboratory finding most strongly indicates the need to initiate nutritional support?
A. Serum sodium 138 mEq/L
B. Serum prealbumin 8 mg/dL
C. Blood urea nitrogen 15 mg/dL
D. Serum potassium 4.1 mEq/L
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Prealbumin has a short half-life (2–3 days) and is a sensitive indicator of current nutritional status. A value of 8 mg/dL (normal
15–36 mg/dL) reflects significant protein-calorie malnutrition and supports prompt initiation of nutritional support. The other values are
within normal limits.
STUVIAACTUALEXAM • NSG 3100 Exam 4 2026/2027 • Page 2
NSG 3100 Exam 4
Latest 2026/2027
A+
New 50 Questions and Answers
Official-Style Practice Examination • Application & Analysis Level
A+ QUESTIONS SECTIONS 100% RATIONALES
VERIFIED 2 CORE UNITS INCLUDED
CATEGORIES
Section 1
Nutrition (Questions 1–25)
Section 2
Fluid & Electrolytes / Acid-Base Balance (Questions 26–50)
• Multiple-choice format with four options (A–D)
• One mark per question • Total 50 marks
• Passing score: 80% (40/50)
• Bloom’s level: Application / Analysis
• High-yield concepts aligned to public course blueprint
• Each item includes a scenario-based stem and item-specific rationale
STUVIAACTUALEXAM
NSG 3100 Exam 4 Latest 2026/2027 • A+ Verified
, SECTION 1 • NUTRITION (Questions 1–25)
Q1. A 68-year-old client with a BMI of 17.2 is admitted for failure to thrive. The nurse notes the client has lost 12% of
body weight over the past 3 months and reports eating only one small meal daily. Laboratory results show serum
albumin 2.8 g/dL. The nurse recognizes this client is at highest risk for which complication?
A. Delayed wound healing and increased infection risk
B. Hyperglycemia secondary to stress response
C. Fluid volume overload from protein excess
D. Rapid weight gain once oral intake resumes
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Severe protein-calorie malnutrition (low BMI, significant weight loss, hypoalbuminemia) impairs collagen synthesis and
immune function, markedly increasing risk of delayed wound healing and infection. The other options do not align with the
pathophysiology of protein deficiency.
Q2. A nurse is teaching a client with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes about carbohydrate counting. The client asks
why complex carbohydrates are preferred over simple sugars. Which explanation by the nurse is most accurate?
A. Complex carbohydrates contain more calories per gram than simple sugars
B. Simple sugars provide no nutritional value and should be eliminated completely
C. Complex carbohydrates are digested more slowly, producing a gradual rise in blood glucose
D. Complex carbohydrates require insulin for absorption while simple sugars do not
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Complex carbohydrates (starches and fiber) are broken down more slowly than simple sugars, resulting in a more gradual
and sustained rise in blood glucose. This is the key teaching point for glycemic control. Caloric density is identical (4 kcal/g), and both
require insulin for cellular uptake.
Q3. A postoperative client is receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN) via a central line. The nurse notes the TPN bag is
empty and a new bag is not yet available from pharmacy. Which action should the nurse take first?
A. Hang 10% dextrose in water at the same rate to prevent hypoglycemia
B. Hang 0.9% sodium chloride at the same rate until the new bag arrives
C. Discontinue the infusion and flush the central line with heparin
D. Notify the provider and request an order for oral glucose tablets
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Abrupt cessation of TPN can cause severe rebound hypoglycemia because endogenous insulin remains elevated. Infusing
10% dextrose (D10W) at the same rate maintains glucose delivery until the new TPN bag is available. Normal saline lacks dextrose and
does not prevent hypoglycemia.
Q4. A nurse is assessing a client who has been NPO for 4 days following major abdominal surgery and is receiving
only intravenous fluids. Which laboratory finding most strongly indicates the need to initiate nutritional support?
A. Serum sodium 138 mEq/L
B. Serum prealbumin 8 mg/dL
C. Blood urea nitrogen 15 mg/dL
D. Serum potassium 4.1 mEq/L
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Prealbumin has a short half-life (2–3 days) and is a sensitive indicator of current nutritional status. A value of 8 mg/dL (normal
15–36 mg/dL) reflects significant protein-calorie malnutrition and supports prompt initiation of nutritional support. The other values are
within normal limits.
STUVIAACTUALEXAM • NSG 3100 Exam 4 2026/2027 • Page 2
