NCTI PARAMEDIC PHARMACOLOGY CORRECT
EXAMS QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SET A+
✔✔Nitrous Oxide
Pharmacology and Actions/
Onset of action - ✔✔• Blended mixture of 50% oxygen and 50% nitrous oxide
• Depresses the CNS, causing anesthesia and change in pain perception
Onset of action: immediate, quickly eliminated through the lungs - within 2-5 minutes
✔✔Nitrous Oxide - ✔✔Nitronox
✔✔Nitrous Oxide
Indications/
Contraindications - ✔✔II. Indications
• Moderate to severe pain
• Burns
• Anxiety
• Apprehension
III. Contraindications
• Impaired level of consciousness
• Head injury
• Chest trauma
• Inability to comply with instructions
• Bowel obstruction
• Hypotension
• Shock
• COPD or suspected CO2 retention
✔✔Nitrous Oxide
,Precautions and Side Effects
Respiratory/
Gastrointestinal - ✔✔Respiratory:
• Cyanosis
• Apnea
Gastrointestinal:
• Nausea and vomiting Other:
• Only use in well ventilated environments
• Oxygen saturations must be monitored during administration
✔✔Nitrous Oxide
Dosage/
How Supplied - ✔✔V. Dosage
• Adult and Pediatric: Self administered by breathing deeply from mask. Patient will drop
mask with pain relief, and breath from mask again as needed.
VI. How Supplied
A. Compressed gas
✔✔Adenosine
Class - ✔✔Antidysrhythmic
✔✔Adenosine
Mechanism of Action - ✔✔Slows conduction through the AV node; can interrupt re-
entrant pathways; slows heart rate by acting directly on the sinus pacemaker cells by
slowing impulse formation. The drug of choice for re-entry SVT. Can be used
diagnostically for stable, wide-complex tachycardia of unknown origin after two doses of
lidocaine. Does not convert A-FIB OR A- FLUTTER
✔✔Adenosine
Indications - ✔✔Conversion of PSVT to sinus rhythm. May convert re-entry SVT due to
Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. Not effective in converting atrial fibrillation/flutter or V-
tach. Most forms of stable narrow-complex SVT
✔✔Adenosine
Contraindications - ✔✔Second or third degree AV block (if no pacemaker is present),
sick sinus syndrome (if no pacemaker is present), bronchoconstrictive or
bronchospastic lung disease (asthma, COPD), poison or drug induced tachycardia.
✔✔Adenosine
How supplied - ✔✔6mg/2ml
, ✔✔Adenosine
Adverse Reactions/ Side Effects - ✔✔Generally short duration and mild; headache,
dizziness, dyspnea, bronchospasm, dysrhythmias, palpitations, hypotension, chest pain,
✔✔Adenosine
Dose and Administration - ✔✔Adult: 6-mg rapid IV bolus over 1-3 seconds, followed by
a 10-mL saline flush. If no response after 1-2 minutes, administer second dose of 12-mg
rapid IV bolus over 1-3 seconds.
Pediatric: Initial dose 0.1 mg/kg rapid IV/IO push (maximum first dose, 6 mg), followed
by a 5- to 10-mL saline flush. Second dose 0.2 mg/kg rapid IV/IO push (maximum
second dose, 12 mg), followed by a 5- to 10-mL saline flush.
✔✔Adenosine
Common Name - ✔✔Adenocard
✔✔Albuterol
Class - ✔✔Sympathomimetic, bronchodilator
✔✔Albuterol
Mechanism of Action - ✔✔Selective beta-2 agonist that stimulate adrenergic receptors
of the sympathomimetic nervous system. Results in smooth -muscle relaxation in the
bronchial tree and peripheral vasculature.
✔✔Albuterol
Indications - ✔✔Treatment of bronchospasm in patients with reversible obstructive
airway disease (COPD, asthma). Prevention of exercise-induced bronchospasm. NOT
CHF
✔✔Albuterol
Contraindications - ✔✔Known prior hypersensitivity reactions to albuterol. Tachycardia,
dysrhythmias, especially those caused by digitalis. Synergistic with other
sympathomimetics. NO CHF
✔✔Albuterol
Adverse Reactions/ Side Effects - ✔✔hypertension, tachycardia, dysrhythmias, chest
pain, palpitations, nausea/vomiting, and tremors.
✔✔Albuterol
Dose and Administration - ✔✔Adult: Administer 2.5 mg. in nebulizer and administer
over 10-15 minutes.
Pediatric: <20 kg: 1.25 mg/dose via hand-held nebulizer or mask over 20 minutes. >20
kg: 2.5 mg/dose via hand-held nebulizer or mask over 20 minutes. Repeat once in 20
minutes.
EXAMS QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SET A+
✔✔Nitrous Oxide
Pharmacology and Actions/
Onset of action - ✔✔• Blended mixture of 50% oxygen and 50% nitrous oxide
• Depresses the CNS, causing anesthesia and change in pain perception
Onset of action: immediate, quickly eliminated through the lungs - within 2-5 minutes
✔✔Nitrous Oxide - ✔✔Nitronox
✔✔Nitrous Oxide
Indications/
Contraindications - ✔✔II. Indications
• Moderate to severe pain
• Burns
• Anxiety
• Apprehension
III. Contraindications
• Impaired level of consciousness
• Head injury
• Chest trauma
• Inability to comply with instructions
• Bowel obstruction
• Hypotension
• Shock
• COPD or suspected CO2 retention
✔✔Nitrous Oxide
,Precautions and Side Effects
Respiratory/
Gastrointestinal - ✔✔Respiratory:
• Cyanosis
• Apnea
Gastrointestinal:
• Nausea and vomiting Other:
• Only use in well ventilated environments
• Oxygen saturations must be monitored during administration
✔✔Nitrous Oxide
Dosage/
How Supplied - ✔✔V. Dosage
• Adult and Pediatric: Self administered by breathing deeply from mask. Patient will drop
mask with pain relief, and breath from mask again as needed.
VI. How Supplied
A. Compressed gas
✔✔Adenosine
Class - ✔✔Antidysrhythmic
✔✔Adenosine
Mechanism of Action - ✔✔Slows conduction through the AV node; can interrupt re-
entrant pathways; slows heart rate by acting directly on the sinus pacemaker cells by
slowing impulse formation. The drug of choice for re-entry SVT. Can be used
diagnostically for stable, wide-complex tachycardia of unknown origin after two doses of
lidocaine. Does not convert A-FIB OR A- FLUTTER
✔✔Adenosine
Indications - ✔✔Conversion of PSVT to sinus rhythm. May convert re-entry SVT due to
Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. Not effective in converting atrial fibrillation/flutter or V-
tach. Most forms of stable narrow-complex SVT
✔✔Adenosine
Contraindications - ✔✔Second or third degree AV block (if no pacemaker is present),
sick sinus syndrome (if no pacemaker is present), bronchoconstrictive or
bronchospastic lung disease (asthma, COPD), poison or drug induced tachycardia.
✔✔Adenosine
How supplied - ✔✔6mg/2ml
, ✔✔Adenosine
Adverse Reactions/ Side Effects - ✔✔Generally short duration and mild; headache,
dizziness, dyspnea, bronchospasm, dysrhythmias, palpitations, hypotension, chest pain,
✔✔Adenosine
Dose and Administration - ✔✔Adult: 6-mg rapid IV bolus over 1-3 seconds, followed by
a 10-mL saline flush. If no response after 1-2 minutes, administer second dose of 12-mg
rapid IV bolus over 1-3 seconds.
Pediatric: Initial dose 0.1 mg/kg rapid IV/IO push (maximum first dose, 6 mg), followed
by a 5- to 10-mL saline flush. Second dose 0.2 mg/kg rapid IV/IO push (maximum
second dose, 12 mg), followed by a 5- to 10-mL saline flush.
✔✔Adenosine
Common Name - ✔✔Adenocard
✔✔Albuterol
Class - ✔✔Sympathomimetic, bronchodilator
✔✔Albuterol
Mechanism of Action - ✔✔Selective beta-2 agonist that stimulate adrenergic receptors
of the sympathomimetic nervous system. Results in smooth -muscle relaxation in the
bronchial tree and peripheral vasculature.
✔✔Albuterol
Indications - ✔✔Treatment of bronchospasm in patients with reversible obstructive
airway disease (COPD, asthma). Prevention of exercise-induced bronchospasm. NOT
CHF
✔✔Albuterol
Contraindications - ✔✔Known prior hypersensitivity reactions to albuterol. Tachycardia,
dysrhythmias, especially those caused by digitalis. Synergistic with other
sympathomimetics. NO CHF
✔✔Albuterol
Adverse Reactions/ Side Effects - ✔✔hypertension, tachycardia, dysrhythmias, chest
pain, palpitations, nausea/vomiting, and tremors.
✔✔Albuterol
Dose and Administration - ✔✔Adult: Administer 2.5 mg. in nebulizer and administer
over 10-15 minutes.
Pediatric: <20 kg: 1.25 mg/dose via hand-held nebulizer or mask over 20 minutes. >20
kg: 2.5 mg/dose via hand-held nebulizer or mask over 20 minutes. Repeat once in 20
minutes.
