NCTI PARAMEDIC PHARMACOLOGY ACTUAL
FINALS QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SET A+
✔✔Glucagon
Dosage - ✔✔Adult:
• Hypoglycemia & Esophageal obstruction: 1.0 unit (mg) IM/IV/IO/IN, may repeat every
20 minutes up to 3 times
• Beta-blocker OD: 1.0 - 3. 0 units (mg) IM/IV/IO/IN, may repeat every 20 minutes prn
(as needed)
Pediatrics:
• Hypoglycemia: 0.03 u/kg IM/IV
• Beta-blocker OD: .25 u/kg units IM/IV
✔✔Glucagon
How Supplied - ✔✔1. One vial of powdered glucagon containing 1 unit with one vial of
diluent containing 1 mL
✔✔Hemostatic Agents
Pharmacology and Actions/
Onset - ✔✔• Stop hemorrhaging from a wound with chemical agents applied to the site
Onset of action: Immediate
✔✔Hemostatic Agents
Indications/Contraindications - ✔✔II. Indications
• Uncontrolled bleeding after direct pressure
,III. Contraindications
• Hypersentivity
✔✔Hemostatic Agents
Dressings available: - ✔✔HemCon:
A. Made of arthropod skeletons
B. 4x4 bandage with HemCon side placed on wound
C. At time adheres poorly to the wound
ChitoFlex:
• Same as HemCon, but in a flexible gauze state that can be packed into wounds
✔✔Hemostatic Agents
Dressings available: - ✔✔QuikClot:
• Inert minerals (silicon, aluminum, magnesium, and sodium)
• Causes exothermic reaction up to 158F, can cause burns
• Granular powder put into wounds or embedded into 2x2 or 4x4 gauze
Combat Gauze:
A. Gauze impregnated with kaolin
B. Soft, flexible, can be used for deep wounds
✔✔Heparin
Pharmacology and Actions/
Onset - ✔✔• Inhibits and inactivates normal blood clotting
Onset of action: immediate
✔✔Heparin
Indications/
Contraindications - ✔✔II. Indications
• Maintains patency of heparin locks and pre-existing venous access devices (PVAD)
• AMI, used with fibrinolytics
• Unstable angina
III. Contraindications
• Active bleeding
• Recent intracranial bleed
• Hypertension
• Bleeding disorder or GI bleed
,✔✔Heparin
Precautions and Side Effects - ✔✔.Other:
• Flush heparin with 2 mL of NS before and after drug administration in a heparin lock
• Heparin locks should only be used for patients with stable vital signs and no need for
volume replacement
✔✔Heparin
Dosage/
How Supplied - ✔✔V. Dosage
Adults Only:
1. Access heparin lock: 10-100 units IVP after administration of medication.
2. AMI: 60 units/kg - max of 4000 unit bolus
VI. How Supplied
A. 100 u/ 1 mL vial
B. 1000 u/10 mL vial
✔✔Haldol
Pharmacology and Actions/
Onset of action: - ✔✔• Major tranquilizer to manage acute psychotic episodes
• Block dopamine receptors in the brain associated with mood and behavior
• Strong antiemetic effects
Onset of action: 5-10 minutes
✔✔Haldol
Alternative name - ✔✔Haloperidol
✔✔Haldol
Indications/
Contraindications - ✔✔II. Indications
• Acute psychotic episodes
III. Contraindications
• Do not give with other drugs, especially sedatives
• Parkinson's
• Seizures
• Alcoholism
• Severe mental depression
, ✔✔Haldol
Precautions and Side Effects
Cardiovascular/
Neurological - ✔✔Cardiovascular:
• Hypotension may develop
• Caution with cardiovascular disorders
Neurological:
• Caution with glaucoma
• Extrapyramidal or dystonic reactions may occur, use Benadryl to treat Gastrointestinal:
• Caution with urinary retention Other:
• Caution with elderly or debilitated patients
• Caution with patients who are on anticoagulants, anticonvulsants, or lithium
✔✔Haldol
Dosage/
How Supplied - ✔✔V. Dosage
• Adult: 2-5 mg IM (only)
VI. How Supplied
• 10 mg in 2 mL vial
✔✔Isoproterenol
Pharmacology and Actions - ✔✔• Synthetic sympathomimetic similar to epinephrine, but
is a pure beta-adrenergic receptor stimulator
• In general the following cardiovascular responses can be expected:
a. Increased heart rate (+ chronotope)
b. Increased myocardial contractile force (+ inotrope)
c. Increased myocardial oxygen consumption
d. Increased automaticity (+ dromotrope) and irritability of the heart
• Potent bronchodilator
• Decreased peripheral vascular resistance through peripheral vasodilation and venous
pooling
• Decreases diastolic and mean blood pressure, but could maintain or slightly increase
systolic blood pressure secondary to increased heart rate and contractility
• Duration: 1-2 hours
✔✔Isoproterenol
Onset of action - ✔✔Onset is immediate
FINALS QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SET A+
✔✔Glucagon
Dosage - ✔✔Adult:
• Hypoglycemia & Esophageal obstruction: 1.0 unit (mg) IM/IV/IO/IN, may repeat every
20 minutes up to 3 times
• Beta-blocker OD: 1.0 - 3. 0 units (mg) IM/IV/IO/IN, may repeat every 20 minutes prn
(as needed)
Pediatrics:
• Hypoglycemia: 0.03 u/kg IM/IV
• Beta-blocker OD: .25 u/kg units IM/IV
✔✔Glucagon
How Supplied - ✔✔1. One vial of powdered glucagon containing 1 unit with one vial of
diluent containing 1 mL
✔✔Hemostatic Agents
Pharmacology and Actions/
Onset - ✔✔• Stop hemorrhaging from a wound with chemical agents applied to the site
Onset of action: Immediate
✔✔Hemostatic Agents
Indications/Contraindications - ✔✔II. Indications
• Uncontrolled bleeding after direct pressure
,III. Contraindications
• Hypersentivity
✔✔Hemostatic Agents
Dressings available: - ✔✔HemCon:
A. Made of arthropod skeletons
B. 4x4 bandage with HemCon side placed on wound
C. At time adheres poorly to the wound
ChitoFlex:
• Same as HemCon, but in a flexible gauze state that can be packed into wounds
✔✔Hemostatic Agents
Dressings available: - ✔✔QuikClot:
• Inert minerals (silicon, aluminum, magnesium, and sodium)
• Causes exothermic reaction up to 158F, can cause burns
• Granular powder put into wounds or embedded into 2x2 or 4x4 gauze
Combat Gauze:
A. Gauze impregnated with kaolin
B. Soft, flexible, can be used for deep wounds
✔✔Heparin
Pharmacology and Actions/
Onset - ✔✔• Inhibits and inactivates normal blood clotting
Onset of action: immediate
✔✔Heparin
Indications/
Contraindications - ✔✔II. Indications
• Maintains patency of heparin locks and pre-existing venous access devices (PVAD)
• AMI, used with fibrinolytics
• Unstable angina
III. Contraindications
• Active bleeding
• Recent intracranial bleed
• Hypertension
• Bleeding disorder or GI bleed
,✔✔Heparin
Precautions and Side Effects - ✔✔.Other:
• Flush heparin with 2 mL of NS before and after drug administration in a heparin lock
• Heparin locks should only be used for patients with stable vital signs and no need for
volume replacement
✔✔Heparin
Dosage/
How Supplied - ✔✔V. Dosage
Adults Only:
1. Access heparin lock: 10-100 units IVP after administration of medication.
2. AMI: 60 units/kg - max of 4000 unit bolus
VI. How Supplied
A. 100 u/ 1 mL vial
B. 1000 u/10 mL vial
✔✔Haldol
Pharmacology and Actions/
Onset of action: - ✔✔• Major tranquilizer to manage acute psychotic episodes
• Block dopamine receptors in the brain associated with mood and behavior
• Strong antiemetic effects
Onset of action: 5-10 minutes
✔✔Haldol
Alternative name - ✔✔Haloperidol
✔✔Haldol
Indications/
Contraindications - ✔✔II. Indications
• Acute psychotic episodes
III. Contraindications
• Do not give with other drugs, especially sedatives
• Parkinson's
• Seizures
• Alcoholism
• Severe mental depression
, ✔✔Haldol
Precautions and Side Effects
Cardiovascular/
Neurological - ✔✔Cardiovascular:
• Hypotension may develop
• Caution with cardiovascular disorders
Neurological:
• Caution with glaucoma
• Extrapyramidal or dystonic reactions may occur, use Benadryl to treat Gastrointestinal:
• Caution with urinary retention Other:
• Caution with elderly or debilitated patients
• Caution with patients who are on anticoagulants, anticonvulsants, or lithium
✔✔Haldol
Dosage/
How Supplied - ✔✔V. Dosage
• Adult: 2-5 mg IM (only)
VI. How Supplied
• 10 mg in 2 mL vial
✔✔Isoproterenol
Pharmacology and Actions - ✔✔• Synthetic sympathomimetic similar to epinephrine, but
is a pure beta-adrenergic receptor stimulator
• In general the following cardiovascular responses can be expected:
a. Increased heart rate (+ chronotope)
b. Increased myocardial contractile force (+ inotrope)
c. Increased myocardial oxygen consumption
d. Increased automaticity (+ dromotrope) and irritability of the heart
• Potent bronchodilator
• Decreased peripheral vascular resistance through peripheral vasodilation and venous
pooling
• Decreases diastolic and mean blood pressure, but could maintain or slightly increase
systolic blood pressure secondary to increased heart rate and contractility
• Duration: 1-2 hours
✔✔Isoproterenol
Onset of action - ✔✔Onset is immediate
