NUR 641E STUDY LATEST QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS SET A+
✔✔Ankylosing spondylitis is a - ✔✔Chronic inflammatory joint disease characterized by
fusion and stiffening of the spine and sacroiliac joints
✔✔Acute liver disorders (e.g., acute hepatitis, hepatotoxicity) may be caused by -
✔✔Acetaminophen overdose
✔✔Osteoblast cells on bone cause - ✔✔Bone formation
✔✔Osteoclasts are cells on bone that cause - ✔✔Bone breakdown
✔✔Osteomalacia is - ✔✔A condition of insufficient bone mineralization (softening of
bone)
✔✔Osteoporosis is - ✔✔A metabolic disorder with reduced bone mass/density
✔✔Osteosarcoma is - ✔✔Cancer of the bone and is most commonly diagnosed in
childhood
✔✔Paget's disease is - ✔✔A disorder in which abnormal new bone growth occurs at a
faster rate than normal, involving increased resorption of spongy bone tissue
✔✔A pathological fracture is - ✔✔A fracture occurring at the site of a pre-existing bone
abnormality and occurs with a force that is considerably less than that which would
cause a bone fracture at a different site
✔✔Effects of estrogen with osteoporosis - ✔✔Estrogen exerts antiapoptotic effects on
osteoblasts and proapoptotic effects on osteoclasts
, ✔✔Myofascial pain syndrome is the result of - ✔✔Muscle spasms, tenderness, and
stiffness and leads to muscle guarding that limits muscle motion
✔✔Dystrophin is absent in muscle cells of patients with - ✔✔Duchenne muscular
dystrophy
✔✔Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is synthesized in the - ✔✔Hypothalamus and causes
the reabsorption of water in the distal tubule and collecting duct of the kidney
✔✔An essential treatment for hyponatremia is - ✔✔Normal saline IV (0.9%NaCl)
✔✔Orthostasis can be a significant side effect with use of a - ✔✔Diuretic drug
✔✔Orthostatic hypotension is defined as - ✔✔A decrease of >20mmHg SBP or a
decrease of >10mmHg DBP within 3 mins of assuming a standing position
✔✔Caused of hyperkalemia - ✔✔High potassium intake, renal insufficiency, systemic
lupus erythematosus, Addison's disease, use of potassium-sparing diuretics
✔✔Treatment of Hyperkalemia - ✔✔Calcium gluconate, loop diuretics, patiromer
(Veltassa), thiazide diuretics, sodium polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate), regular insulin
IV, and inhaled albuterol
✔✔Insulin and beta-2 agonists are used to treat hyperkalemia because they - ✔✔They
move potassium from the bloodstream into the cells; insulin also increases the transport
of glucose from the bloodstream into the cells
✔✔Calcium and phosphate homeostasis is affected by - ✔✔Parathyroid hormone,
vitamin D, and calcitonin
✔✔Hypercalcemia causes - ✔✔Bone hyperplasia, neoplasms, and thiazide diuretics
✔✔Hypercalcemia treatments - ✔✔Calcitonin, pamidronate, and zoledronic acid
✔✔Insufficient dietary intake of vitamin D can result in - ✔✔Cardiovascular disease,
osteoporosis, and rickets
✔✔Insufficient dietary intake of Vitamin B12 can cause - ✔✔Pernicious anemia
✔✔Patients with metabolic acidosis and partial respiratory compensation will have
symptoms of - ✔✔Fatigue, cool pale hands and feet, a new-onset systolic heart
murmur, and vomiting coffee ground looking material
✔✔Hypokalemia will increase what toxicity - ✔✔Digoxin toxicity
ANSWERS SET A+
✔✔Ankylosing spondylitis is a - ✔✔Chronic inflammatory joint disease characterized by
fusion and stiffening of the spine and sacroiliac joints
✔✔Acute liver disorders (e.g., acute hepatitis, hepatotoxicity) may be caused by -
✔✔Acetaminophen overdose
✔✔Osteoblast cells on bone cause - ✔✔Bone formation
✔✔Osteoclasts are cells on bone that cause - ✔✔Bone breakdown
✔✔Osteomalacia is - ✔✔A condition of insufficient bone mineralization (softening of
bone)
✔✔Osteoporosis is - ✔✔A metabolic disorder with reduced bone mass/density
✔✔Osteosarcoma is - ✔✔Cancer of the bone and is most commonly diagnosed in
childhood
✔✔Paget's disease is - ✔✔A disorder in which abnormal new bone growth occurs at a
faster rate than normal, involving increased resorption of spongy bone tissue
✔✔A pathological fracture is - ✔✔A fracture occurring at the site of a pre-existing bone
abnormality and occurs with a force that is considerably less than that which would
cause a bone fracture at a different site
✔✔Effects of estrogen with osteoporosis - ✔✔Estrogen exerts antiapoptotic effects on
osteoblasts and proapoptotic effects on osteoclasts
, ✔✔Myofascial pain syndrome is the result of - ✔✔Muscle spasms, tenderness, and
stiffness and leads to muscle guarding that limits muscle motion
✔✔Dystrophin is absent in muscle cells of patients with - ✔✔Duchenne muscular
dystrophy
✔✔Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is synthesized in the - ✔✔Hypothalamus and causes
the reabsorption of water in the distal tubule and collecting duct of the kidney
✔✔An essential treatment for hyponatremia is - ✔✔Normal saline IV (0.9%NaCl)
✔✔Orthostasis can be a significant side effect with use of a - ✔✔Diuretic drug
✔✔Orthostatic hypotension is defined as - ✔✔A decrease of >20mmHg SBP or a
decrease of >10mmHg DBP within 3 mins of assuming a standing position
✔✔Caused of hyperkalemia - ✔✔High potassium intake, renal insufficiency, systemic
lupus erythematosus, Addison's disease, use of potassium-sparing diuretics
✔✔Treatment of Hyperkalemia - ✔✔Calcium gluconate, loop diuretics, patiromer
(Veltassa), thiazide diuretics, sodium polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate), regular insulin
IV, and inhaled albuterol
✔✔Insulin and beta-2 agonists are used to treat hyperkalemia because they - ✔✔They
move potassium from the bloodstream into the cells; insulin also increases the transport
of glucose from the bloodstream into the cells
✔✔Calcium and phosphate homeostasis is affected by - ✔✔Parathyroid hormone,
vitamin D, and calcitonin
✔✔Hypercalcemia causes - ✔✔Bone hyperplasia, neoplasms, and thiazide diuretics
✔✔Hypercalcemia treatments - ✔✔Calcitonin, pamidronate, and zoledronic acid
✔✔Insufficient dietary intake of vitamin D can result in - ✔✔Cardiovascular disease,
osteoporosis, and rickets
✔✔Insufficient dietary intake of Vitamin B12 can cause - ✔✔Pernicious anemia
✔✔Patients with metabolic acidosis and partial respiratory compensation will have
symptoms of - ✔✔Fatigue, cool pale hands and feet, a new-onset systolic heart
murmur, and vomiting coffee ground looking material
✔✔Hypokalemia will increase what toxicity - ✔✔Digoxin toxicity
