NUR 641E UPDATED TEST PAPER QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS SET A+
✔✔Polypharmacy - ✔✔Involves using multiple health care providers for care, using
multiple medications, and using several pharmacies for prescription filling
✔✔Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) - ✔✔Lisinopril, Captopril,
Enalapril, Ramipril, Benazepril, Fosinopril
✔✔How ACEI reduce blood pressure - ✔✔ACEI reduce blood pressure by suppressing
the release of angiotensin-converting enzyme
✔✔Important side effects of ACEI include - ✔✔Cough and angioedema, discontinue the
ACEI if angioedema occur
✔✔Angiotensin II receptor blocking agents (ARBs) - ✔✔Candesartan (Atacand),
Eprosartan (Teveten), Irbesartan (Avapro), Losartan (Cozaar), Telmisartan (Micardis)
and Valsartan (Diovan).
✔✔How ARBs reduce blood pressure - ✔✔ARBs reduce blood pressure by blocking
angiotensin II receptors
✔✔Essential (primary) hypertension accounts for - ✔✔accounts for 90% of cases
✔✔Secondary hypertension may be caused by - ✔✔Chronic renal failure
✔✔Nitroglycerin routes of administration - ✔✔Is a nitrate that can be administered
intravenous (IV), sublingual (SL), as a topical ointment, and as a transdermal patch
✔✔Nitrates are contraindicated with - ✔✔PDE-5 inhibitors (e.g., sildenafil and
vardenafil)
,✔✔Amiodarone - ✔✔Is an antiarrhythmic of choice when there is coexisting heart
failure; can cause thyroid and pulmonary toxicity
✔✔Alpha-1 adrenergic stimulation results in - ✔✔Vasoconstriction and increased blood
pressure
✔✔Alpha-1 adrenergic blockade results in - ✔✔Reduced heart rate, reduced blood
pressure, and reduced cardiac output
✔✔Left heart failure causes - ✔✔Reduced delivery of oxygenated blood to the body
tissues
✔✔Right sided heart failure is associated with - ✔✔Pulmonary disease and increased
pulmonary vascular resistance
✔✔A drug that relieves heart failure symptoms but does not reduce mortality is -
✔✔Furosemide
✔✔Loop diuretics like furosemide are - ✔✔Potent diuretics, can cause diuretic
resistance and hypokalemia, and work on receptors in the thick ascending renal loop of
Henle
✔✔Loop diuretics inhibit - ✔✔The reabsorption of sodium and chloride at this site in the
kidney
✔✔Potassium-sparing diuretics - ✔✔Spironolactone and Triamterene
✔✔Milrinone - ✔✔Is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor used for acute heart failure
✔✔Children diagnosed with the tetralogy of Fallot - ✔✔Can stop hypoxic spells by
squatting down (a compensatory mechanism)
✔✔Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) is - ✔✔A congenital heart defect with a continuous
machine-like murmur heard over the left upper sternal border in both systole and
diastole, a bounding pulse and a thrill on palpation
✔✔Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) can be effectively treated with - ✔✔IV NSAIDs such
as indomethacin
✔✔Raynaud's disease is a - ✔✔Vasospastic disorder typically seen during cold water
✔✔Raynaud's disease involves - ✔✔The small arteries and arterioles in the fingers;
occasionally, the toes are also involved
, ✔✔Raynaud's is treated with - ✔✔Dihydropyridine-type calcium channel blockers (e.g.,
nifedipine) because they cause peripheral vasodilation
✔✔Asthma is - ✔✔An obstructive airway disease associated with airflow obstruction,
mucus production, hyperreactivity of the bronchial tissue, and inflammation
✔✔Mild persistent asthma is best treated with - ✔✔A short-acting beta-2 agonist
(SABA) plus an inhaled corticosteroid
✔✔Moderate persistent asthma is best treated with - ✔✔An Inhaled low-dose
corticosteroid and a long-acting bronchodilator
✔✔Severe persistent asthma is best treated with - ✔✔A long-acting beta-2 agonist
(LABA), plus a high potency inhaled corticosteroid, plus an oral corticosteroid drug
✔✔When are inhaled short-acting beta-2 agonists (SABA) indicated - ✔✔Are indicated
only for PRN use
✔✔Long-acting beta-2 agonists (LABA, e.g., salmeterol) should never be used in -
✔✔In an acute asthma exacerbation; use a short-acting beta-2 agonist (SABA, e.g.,
albuterol)
✔✔Short-acting beta-2 agonists (SABA) are used in - ✔✔Acute asthma attacks, but can
increase heart rate, tremors, nervousness, and reduce serum potassium levels
✔✔Instruct a patient on any inhaled corticosteroid product to - ✔✔To rinse the mouth
after each use of the inhaled corticosteroid product
✔✔Example of a long-acting beta agonist and a corticosteroid - ✔✔Advair (fluticasone
and salmeterol)
✔✔Example of a long-acting beta agonist and an anticholinergic agent - ✔✔Anoro
ellipta (umeclidium/vilanterol)
✔✔Example of a short-acting beta agonist and an anticholinergic agent - ✔✔Combivent
(albuterol/ipratropium
✔✔Tiotropium is a - ✔✔A long-acting anticholinergic agent, not for acute asthma
attacks, and is used once a day in asthma and COPD
✔✔Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is a - ✔✔A pulmonary disorder typically seen in childhood, with
an increased production of a protein-producing thick mucus that blocks the airways,
pancreatic ducts, sweat gland ducts, and vas deferens
ANSWERS SET A+
✔✔Polypharmacy - ✔✔Involves using multiple health care providers for care, using
multiple medications, and using several pharmacies for prescription filling
✔✔Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) - ✔✔Lisinopril, Captopril,
Enalapril, Ramipril, Benazepril, Fosinopril
✔✔How ACEI reduce blood pressure - ✔✔ACEI reduce blood pressure by suppressing
the release of angiotensin-converting enzyme
✔✔Important side effects of ACEI include - ✔✔Cough and angioedema, discontinue the
ACEI if angioedema occur
✔✔Angiotensin II receptor blocking agents (ARBs) - ✔✔Candesartan (Atacand),
Eprosartan (Teveten), Irbesartan (Avapro), Losartan (Cozaar), Telmisartan (Micardis)
and Valsartan (Diovan).
✔✔How ARBs reduce blood pressure - ✔✔ARBs reduce blood pressure by blocking
angiotensin II receptors
✔✔Essential (primary) hypertension accounts for - ✔✔accounts for 90% of cases
✔✔Secondary hypertension may be caused by - ✔✔Chronic renal failure
✔✔Nitroglycerin routes of administration - ✔✔Is a nitrate that can be administered
intravenous (IV), sublingual (SL), as a topical ointment, and as a transdermal patch
✔✔Nitrates are contraindicated with - ✔✔PDE-5 inhibitors (e.g., sildenafil and
vardenafil)
,✔✔Amiodarone - ✔✔Is an antiarrhythmic of choice when there is coexisting heart
failure; can cause thyroid and pulmonary toxicity
✔✔Alpha-1 adrenergic stimulation results in - ✔✔Vasoconstriction and increased blood
pressure
✔✔Alpha-1 adrenergic blockade results in - ✔✔Reduced heart rate, reduced blood
pressure, and reduced cardiac output
✔✔Left heart failure causes - ✔✔Reduced delivery of oxygenated blood to the body
tissues
✔✔Right sided heart failure is associated with - ✔✔Pulmonary disease and increased
pulmonary vascular resistance
✔✔A drug that relieves heart failure symptoms but does not reduce mortality is -
✔✔Furosemide
✔✔Loop diuretics like furosemide are - ✔✔Potent diuretics, can cause diuretic
resistance and hypokalemia, and work on receptors in the thick ascending renal loop of
Henle
✔✔Loop diuretics inhibit - ✔✔The reabsorption of sodium and chloride at this site in the
kidney
✔✔Potassium-sparing diuretics - ✔✔Spironolactone and Triamterene
✔✔Milrinone - ✔✔Is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor used for acute heart failure
✔✔Children diagnosed with the tetralogy of Fallot - ✔✔Can stop hypoxic spells by
squatting down (a compensatory mechanism)
✔✔Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) is - ✔✔A congenital heart defect with a continuous
machine-like murmur heard over the left upper sternal border in both systole and
diastole, a bounding pulse and a thrill on palpation
✔✔Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) can be effectively treated with - ✔✔IV NSAIDs such
as indomethacin
✔✔Raynaud's disease is a - ✔✔Vasospastic disorder typically seen during cold water
✔✔Raynaud's disease involves - ✔✔The small arteries and arterioles in the fingers;
occasionally, the toes are also involved
, ✔✔Raynaud's is treated with - ✔✔Dihydropyridine-type calcium channel blockers (e.g.,
nifedipine) because they cause peripheral vasodilation
✔✔Asthma is - ✔✔An obstructive airway disease associated with airflow obstruction,
mucus production, hyperreactivity of the bronchial tissue, and inflammation
✔✔Mild persistent asthma is best treated with - ✔✔A short-acting beta-2 agonist
(SABA) plus an inhaled corticosteroid
✔✔Moderate persistent asthma is best treated with - ✔✔An Inhaled low-dose
corticosteroid and a long-acting bronchodilator
✔✔Severe persistent asthma is best treated with - ✔✔A long-acting beta-2 agonist
(LABA), plus a high potency inhaled corticosteroid, plus an oral corticosteroid drug
✔✔When are inhaled short-acting beta-2 agonists (SABA) indicated - ✔✔Are indicated
only for PRN use
✔✔Long-acting beta-2 agonists (LABA, e.g., salmeterol) should never be used in -
✔✔In an acute asthma exacerbation; use a short-acting beta-2 agonist (SABA, e.g.,
albuterol)
✔✔Short-acting beta-2 agonists (SABA) are used in - ✔✔Acute asthma attacks, but can
increase heart rate, tremors, nervousness, and reduce serum potassium levels
✔✔Instruct a patient on any inhaled corticosteroid product to - ✔✔To rinse the mouth
after each use of the inhaled corticosteroid product
✔✔Example of a long-acting beta agonist and a corticosteroid - ✔✔Advair (fluticasone
and salmeterol)
✔✔Example of a long-acting beta agonist and an anticholinergic agent - ✔✔Anoro
ellipta (umeclidium/vilanterol)
✔✔Example of a short-acting beta agonist and an anticholinergic agent - ✔✔Combivent
(albuterol/ipratropium
✔✔Tiotropium is a - ✔✔A long-acting anticholinergic agent, not for acute asthma
attacks, and is used once a day in asthma and COPD
✔✔Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is a - ✔✔A pulmonary disorder typically seen in childhood, with
an increased production of a protein-producing thick mucus that blocks the airways,
pancreatic ducts, sweat gland ducts, and vas deferens
