Summary ECE Lab Report: Filters: High-pass, Low-pass, Bandpass, and Notch

ECE Lab Report: Filters: High-pass, Low-pass, Bandpass, and Notch JohnMarc Bryan Lab Partners: Colton Edge, Ross Snead 3/24/2020 Due: 3/27/2020 Abstract: This lab analyzes the relationships bet ween passive elements and resonant frequencies and their use in filters. The passive elements observed are the resistor, inductor, and the capacitor. This report is accurate to the best of my knowledge and is a true representation of my laboratory results:Introduction: In this lab filters will be analyzed and created using the passive elements known as resistors, inductors and capacitors. A resistor is an element that restricts the flow of electrons in the element by a quantity measured in ohms. The higher the ohms of the resistor, the more restrictive to current that resistor is 3. An inductor is, in essence, a coil of wire that is wrapped around a core of usually air or a magnet. When current is passed through an inductor, a magnetic field is created. The main use for inductors is found in filters or oscillators 1, as seen in this lab. A capacitor is the last passive element discussed for this lab. A capacitor stores an amount of potential energy, called voltage, until a certain threshold point then it releases this voltage into the circuit. The amount of energy stored in the capacitor can be quantified as capacitance, and the higher the capacitance, the higher the amount of energy can be stored 2. Since this lab relates heavily upon filters, the distinguishing factors between the different types of filters must be made. The four basic types of filters observed in this lab are high-pass, low-pass, band-pass and notch filters. A high-pass filter in essence blocks lower decibel levels until the cutoff frequency is reached, then the decibel level rises to the expected value as seen in the observations of this lab. A low-pass filter does the inverse, allowing for expected decibel levels until the cutoff frequency is reached then the decibel level will drop to zero. A band-pass filter has two cutoff frequency points, making a peak on the graph of decibel levels versus frequency values, starting at zero, rising to a nominal value, then falling to zero again at the cutoff frequency. A notch filter does the inverse of this band-pass filter, only cutting the decibel level to zero on a specific range, starting at a nominal decibel level, dropping to zero at the first cutoff frequency, then rising again the the nominal decibel value after the second cutoff