WGU D312 Anatomy & Physiology 1 Objective
Assessment (OA) Exam Study Guide | Complete
Actual Exam Questions with 100% Verified
Correct Answers and Detailed Rationales | Latest
Update 20262027 – Already Graded A+
Question 1
A coating of sugar molecules that surrounds the cell membrane is called:
A. Capsule
B. Fimbriae
C. Golgi Complex
D. Glycocalyx
Answer: D
Rationale: The glycocalyx is a sugar coating that surrounds the cell membrane,
playing a role in cell recognition, adhesion, and protection.
Question 2
What are the tiny passageways that allow the passage of proteins, RNA, and
solutes between the nucleus and the cytoplasm?
A. Mitotic spindle
B. Nuclear pores
C. Centrioles
D. Ribosomes
Answer: B
Rationale: Nuclear pores are channels in the nuclear envelope that allow selective
transport of molecules such as proteins, RNA, and solutes between the nucleus and
cytoplasm.
pg. 1
,Question 3
What is the existence and maintenance of relatively stable conditions inside the
body despite dynamic and unpredictable internal and external environments?
A. Homeostasis
B. Osmosis
C. Metabolism
D. Development
Answer: A
Rationale: Homeostasis is the maintenance of stable internal conditions in the
body. It involves constant adjustments to keep physiological variables within
normal ranges despite changing external and internal environments.
Question 4
A membrane-associated protein that spans the entire width of the lipid bilayer is
called:
A. Carrier protein
B. Channel protein
C. Integral protein
D. Peripheral protein
Answer: C
Rationale: Integral proteins span the entire width of the lipid bilayer. They are
embedded within the membrane and often function as channels, carriers, or
receptors.
Question 5
What are the structural and functional units of all living organisms, primarily
formed from elements like carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and phosphorus?
A. Molecules
B. Organelles
C. Atoms
D. Cells
pg. 2
,Answer: D
Rationale: Cells are the basic structural and functional units of all living
organisms. They are composed of molecules and organelles and carry out all life
processes.
Question 6
Why are third and fourth-degree burns usually not as painful?
A. Right hypochondriac region
B. Neuron and neuroglia
C. Connective tissue proper
D. Nerve endings are damaged
Answer: D
Rationale: Third and fourth-degree burns destroy nerve endings in the deeper
layers of the skin, which is why they are often painless despite being the most
severe burns.
Question 7
What is the protein structure on the centromere that attaches the mitotic spindle to
the sister chromatids?
A. Nucleosome
B. Microtubule
C. Ribosome
D. Kinetochore
Answer: D
Rationale: The kinetochore is a protein structure on the centromere that attaches
sister chromatids to the mitotic spindle during cell division.
Question 8
What are the sex cells used to pass on genes from generation to generation?
pg. 3
, A. Serous fluid
B. Chondrocytes
C. Nuclear pores
D. Germ cells
Answer: D
Rationale: Germ cells are the sex cells (sperm and eggs) that carry genetic
information from one generation to the next through reproduction.
Question 9
What does positive feedback do to the body's physiological condition?
A. Intensifies a change rather than reversing it
B. Stabilizes the internal environment by returning it to a set point
C. Prevents any change from occurring in the physiological system
D. Decreases the intensity of a stimulus to maintain equilibrium
Answer: A
Rationale: Positive feedback amplifies or intensifies a change, moving the body
further away from homeostasis until a specific endpoint is reached (e.g., childbirth,
blood clotting).
Question 10
This layer is a smooth, seemingly translucent layer of the epidermis located just
above the stratum granulosum and below the stratum corneum. This thin layer of
cells is found only in the thick skin of the palms, soles, and digits.
A. Somatic cells
B. Exocrine gland
C. Stratum lucidum
D. Sebaceous Glands
Answer: C
Rationale: The stratum lucidum is a thin, clear layer of dead keratinocytes found
only in thick skin (palms, soles, and digits). It is located between the stratum
granulosum and stratum corneum.
pg. 4
Assessment (OA) Exam Study Guide | Complete
Actual Exam Questions with 100% Verified
Correct Answers and Detailed Rationales | Latest
Update 20262027 – Already Graded A+
Question 1
A coating of sugar molecules that surrounds the cell membrane is called:
A. Capsule
B. Fimbriae
C. Golgi Complex
D. Glycocalyx
Answer: D
Rationale: The glycocalyx is a sugar coating that surrounds the cell membrane,
playing a role in cell recognition, adhesion, and protection.
Question 2
What are the tiny passageways that allow the passage of proteins, RNA, and
solutes between the nucleus and the cytoplasm?
A. Mitotic spindle
B. Nuclear pores
C. Centrioles
D. Ribosomes
Answer: B
Rationale: Nuclear pores are channels in the nuclear envelope that allow selective
transport of molecules such as proteins, RNA, and solutes between the nucleus and
cytoplasm.
pg. 1
,Question 3
What is the existence and maintenance of relatively stable conditions inside the
body despite dynamic and unpredictable internal and external environments?
A. Homeostasis
B. Osmosis
C. Metabolism
D. Development
Answer: A
Rationale: Homeostasis is the maintenance of stable internal conditions in the
body. It involves constant adjustments to keep physiological variables within
normal ranges despite changing external and internal environments.
Question 4
A membrane-associated protein that spans the entire width of the lipid bilayer is
called:
A. Carrier protein
B. Channel protein
C. Integral protein
D. Peripheral protein
Answer: C
Rationale: Integral proteins span the entire width of the lipid bilayer. They are
embedded within the membrane and often function as channels, carriers, or
receptors.
Question 5
What are the structural and functional units of all living organisms, primarily
formed from elements like carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and phosphorus?
A. Molecules
B. Organelles
C. Atoms
D. Cells
pg. 2
,Answer: D
Rationale: Cells are the basic structural and functional units of all living
organisms. They are composed of molecules and organelles and carry out all life
processes.
Question 6
Why are third and fourth-degree burns usually not as painful?
A. Right hypochondriac region
B. Neuron and neuroglia
C. Connective tissue proper
D. Nerve endings are damaged
Answer: D
Rationale: Third and fourth-degree burns destroy nerve endings in the deeper
layers of the skin, which is why they are often painless despite being the most
severe burns.
Question 7
What is the protein structure on the centromere that attaches the mitotic spindle to
the sister chromatids?
A. Nucleosome
B. Microtubule
C. Ribosome
D. Kinetochore
Answer: D
Rationale: The kinetochore is a protein structure on the centromere that attaches
sister chromatids to the mitotic spindle during cell division.
Question 8
What are the sex cells used to pass on genes from generation to generation?
pg. 3
, A. Serous fluid
B. Chondrocytes
C. Nuclear pores
D. Germ cells
Answer: D
Rationale: Germ cells are the sex cells (sperm and eggs) that carry genetic
information from one generation to the next through reproduction.
Question 9
What does positive feedback do to the body's physiological condition?
A. Intensifies a change rather than reversing it
B. Stabilizes the internal environment by returning it to a set point
C. Prevents any change from occurring in the physiological system
D. Decreases the intensity of a stimulus to maintain equilibrium
Answer: A
Rationale: Positive feedback amplifies or intensifies a change, moving the body
further away from homeostasis until a specific endpoint is reached (e.g., childbirth,
blood clotting).
Question 10
This layer is a smooth, seemingly translucent layer of the epidermis located just
above the stratum granulosum and below the stratum corneum. This thin layer of
cells is found only in the thick skin of the palms, soles, and digits.
A. Somatic cells
B. Exocrine gland
C. Stratum lucidum
D. Sebaceous Glands
Answer: C
Rationale: The stratum lucidum is a thin, clear layer of dead keratinocytes found
only in thick skin (palms, soles, and digits). It is located between the stratum
granulosum and stratum corneum.
pg. 4
