,BIOS 252 Exam 1 Anatomy & Physiology II I Questions And Answers
2026/2027 Chamberlain
1.** A nurse is reviewing the concept of homeostasis with a client. Which
statement best describes homeostasis?
A) A state of equilibrium where the body's internal environment remains
absolutely constant
B) The body's ability to maintain a relatively stable internal environment
despite external changes
C) The process by which the body responds to a stimulus by amplifying the
change
D) A state of imbalance that leads to disease
**Correct Answer:** B) The body's ability to maintain a relatively stable
internal environment despite external changes
**Rationale:** Homeostasis is the dynamic maintenance of a relatively stable
internal environment. It is not absolute constancy (A); positive feedback (C)
amplifies change rather than maintaining stability; homeostatic imbalance
(D) can lead to disease but is not the definition of homeostasis.
**2.** A healthcare provider is explaining the mechanism of hormone action
to a student. Which of the following correctly describes the mechanism of
action of a lipid-soluble hormone?
A) It binds to a receptor on the cell surface, activating a second messenger
cascade
B) It diffuses through the plasma membrane and binds to an intracellular
receptor, directly altering gene expression
C) It activates a G-protein coupled receptor that opens ion channels
D) It binds to a receptor tyrosine kinase, initiating a phosphorylation cascade
,**Correct Answer:** B) It diffuses through the plasma membrane and binds
to an intracellular receptor, directly altering gene expression
**Rationale:** Lipid-soluble hormones (steroid and thyroid hormones) diffuse
through the plasma membrane and bind to intracellular receptors. This
complex then acts as a transcription factor, altering gene expression. Water-
soluble hormones (A, C, D) bind to cell-surface receptors and activate second
messenger systems.
**3.** Which of the following glands is known as the "master gland" of the
endocrine system?
A) Thyroid gland
B) Adrenal gland
C) Pituitary gland
D) Hypothalamus
**Correct Answer:** C) Pituitary gland
**Rationale:** The pituitary gland is often called the "master gland" because
it regulates the function of other endocrine glands by secreting tropic
hormones. It is itself controlled by the hypothalamus (D), which serves as the
bridge between the nervous and endocrine systems.
**4.** The hypothalamus is responsible for producing which of the following
hormones that are stored and released by the posterior pituitary?
A) Growth hormone and prolactin
B) Oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
, C) Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and adrenocorticotropic hormone
(ACTH)
D) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH)
**Correct Answer:** B) Oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
**Rationale:** The hypothalamus produces oxytocin and ADH, which are
transported to and stored in the posterior pituitary for release. The anterior
pituitary (A, C, D) produces its own hormones under the regulation of
hypothalamic releasing and inhibiting hormones.
**5.** A client is diagnosed with hypothyroidism. Which hormone is deficient
in this condition?
A) Cortisol
B) Thyroxine (T4)
C) Insulin
D) Aldosterone
**Correct Answer:** B) Thyroxine (T4)
**Rationale:** Hypothyroidism is caused by insufficient production of thyroid
hormones (T3 and T4). Cortisol (A) is an adrenal hormone; insulin (C) is a
pancreatic hormone; aldosterone (D) is an adrenal hormone.
**6.** Which of the following is a characteristic of the negative feedback
mechanism in hormone regulation?
A) The response amplifies the initial stimulus
2026/2027 Chamberlain
1.** A nurse is reviewing the concept of homeostasis with a client. Which
statement best describes homeostasis?
A) A state of equilibrium where the body's internal environment remains
absolutely constant
B) The body's ability to maintain a relatively stable internal environment
despite external changes
C) The process by which the body responds to a stimulus by amplifying the
change
D) A state of imbalance that leads to disease
**Correct Answer:** B) The body's ability to maintain a relatively stable
internal environment despite external changes
**Rationale:** Homeostasis is the dynamic maintenance of a relatively stable
internal environment. It is not absolute constancy (A); positive feedback (C)
amplifies change rather than maintaining stability; homeostatic imbalance
(D) can lead to disease but is not the definition of homeostasis.
**2.** A healthcare provider is explaining the mechanism of hormone action
to a student. Which of the following correctly describes the mechanism of
action of a lipid-soluble hormone?
A) It binds to a receptor on the cell surface, activating a second messenger
cascade
B) It diffuses through the plasma membrane and binds to an intracellular
receptor, directly altering gene expression
C) It activates a G-protein coupled receptor that opens ion channels
D) It binds to a receptor tyrosine kinase, initiating a phosphorylation cascade
,**Correct Answer:** B) It diffuses through the plasma membrane and binds
to an intracellular receptor, directly altering gene expression
**Rationale:** Lipid-soluble hormones (steroid and thyroid hormones) diffuse
through the plasma membrane and bind to intracellular receptors. This
complex then acts as a transcription factor, altering gene expression. Water-
soluble hormones (A, C, D) bind to cell-surface receptors and activate second
messenger systems.
**3.** Which of the following glands is known as the "master gland" of the
endocrine system?
A) Thyroid gland
B) Adrenal gland
C) Pituitary gland
D) Hypothalamus
**Correct Answer:** C) Pituitary gland
**Rationale:** The pituitary gland is often called the "master gland" because
it regulates the function of other endocrine glands by secreting tropic
hormones. It is itself controlled by the hypothalamus (D), which serves as the
bridge between the nervous and endocrine systems.
**4.** The hypothalamus is responsible for producing which of the following
hormones that are stored and released by the posterior pituitary?
A) Growth hormone and prolactin
B) Oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
, C) Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and adrenocorticotropic hormone
(ACTH)
D) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH)
**Correct Answer:** B) Oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
**Rationale:** The hypothalamus produces oxytocin and ADH, which are
transported to and stored in the posterior pituitary for release. The anterior
pituitary (A, C, D) produces its own hormones under the regulation of
hypothalamic releasing and inhibiting hormones.
**5.** A client is diagnosed with hypothyroidism. Which hormone is deficient
in this condition?
A) Cortisol
B) Thyroxine (T4)
C) Insulin
D) Aldosterone
**Correct Answer:** B) Thyroxine (T4)
**Rationale:** Hypothyroidism is caused by insufficient production of thyroid
hormones (T3 and T4). Cortisol (A) is an adrenal hormone; insulin (C) is a
pancreatic hormone; aldosterone (D) is an adrenal hormone.
**6.** Which of the following is a characteristic of the negative feedback
mechanism in hormone regulation?
A) The response amplifies the initial stimulus
