NBME CBSE: PUBLIC HEALTH
SCIENCES PT. 1 ALL QUESTIONS AND
WELL ELABORATED ANSWERS TOP
RATED VERSION A+ GRADED TOP
CLASS
,What is a case series? - CORRECT ANS:Description of clinical findings/symptoms for several patients with
the same diagnosis, treatment, or outcome.
What is a cross-sectional study? - CORRECT ANS:Assesses the frequency of disease and risk-related
factors in the present.
What is a case-control study? - CORRECT ANS:Retrospectively compares a group of people with a disease
to a group without the disease to determine if odds of prior exposure/risk factor differ.
What is a cohort study? - CORRECT ANS:Compares a group of people with a given exposure/risk factor to
a group without exposure to determine if the exposure/risk factor is associated with later development
of disease.
What is a twin concordance study? - CORRECT ANS:Compares the frequency with which both
monozygotic twins vs both dizygotic twins develop the same disease to measure heritability and
influence of environmental factors.
What is an adoption study? - CORRECT ANS:Compares behavioral traits/genetics in siblings raised by
biological vs adoptive parents to measure heritability and influence of environmental factors.
What is an ecological study? - CORRECT ANS:Compares the frequency of disease and risk-related factors
across populations to measure population data (not applicable to individuals).
What is a clinic therapeutic trial? - CORRECT ANS:An experimental study involving humans that
compares the benefits of two or more interventions.
What are the criteria for a high-quality clinical trial? - CORRECT ANS:Randomized, controlled, and
double-blinded
, What is a crossover clinical trial? - CORRECT ANS:Compares the effect of multiple treatments on a
subject
What is the purpose of randomizing the order of treatments in a crossover trial? - CORRECT ANS:To
avoid bias
What is a washout period in a crossover trial? - CORRECT ANS:A period between treatments to eliminate
any lingering effects
What is the advantage of using a crossover trial? - CORRECT ANS:Subjects serve as their own controls
What is the intention-to-treat analysis? - CORRECT ANS:Analyzing all subjects according to their original
assigned treatment
What is the purpose of intention-to-treat analysis? - CORRECT ANS:To avoid bias from attrition,
crossover, and noncompliance
What is the disadvantage of intention-to-treat analysis? - CORRECT ANS:May dilute the true effects of
the intervention
What is the as-treated analysis? - CORRECT ANS:Analyzing subjects according to the treatment they
actually received
What is the disadvantage of as-treated analysis? - CORRECT ANS:Increases the risk of bias
What is the per-protocol analysis? - CORRECT ANS:Excluding subjects who did not complete the
originally assigned treatment
What is the disadvantage of per-protocol analysis? - CORRECT ANS:Increases the risk of bias
SCIENCES PT. 1 ALL QUESTIONS AND
WELL ELABORATED ANSWERS TOP
RATED VERSION A+ GRADED TOP
CLASS
,What is a case series? - CORRECT ANS:Description of clinical findings/symptoms for several patients with
the same diagnosis, treatment, or outcome.
What is a cross-sectional study? - CORRECT ANS:Assesses the frequency of disease and risk-related
factors in the present.
What is a case-control study? - CORRECT ANS:Retrospectively compares a group of people with a disease
to a group without the disease to determine if odds of prior exposure/risk factor differ.
What is a cohort study? - CORRECT ANS:Compares a group of people with a given exposure/risk factor to
a group without exposure to determine if the exposure/risk factor is associated with later development
of disease.
What is a twin concordance study? - CORRECT ANS:Compares the frequency with which both
monozygotic twins vs both dizygotic twins develop the same disease to measure heritability and
influence of environmental factors.
What is an adoption study? - CORRECT ANS:Compares behavioral traits/genetics in siblings raised by
biological vs adoptive parents to measure heritability and influence of environmental factors.
What is an ecological study? - CORRECT ANS:Compares the frequency of disease and risk-related factors
across populations to measure population data (not applicable to individuals).
What is a clinic therapeutic trial? - CORRECT ANS:An experimental study involving humans that
compares the benefits of two or more interventions.
What are the criteria for a high-quality clinical trial? - CORRECT ANS:Randomized, controlled, and
double-blinded
, What is a crossover clinical trial? - CORRECT ANS:Compares the effect of multiple treatments on a
subject
What is the purpose of randomizing the order of treatments in a crossover trial? - CORRECT ANS:To
avoid bias
What is a washout period in a crossover trial? - CORRECT ANS:A period between treatments to eliminate
any lingering effects
What is the advantage of using a crossover trial? - CORRECT ANS:Subjects serve as their own controls
What is the intention-to-treat analysis? - CORRECT ANS:Analyzing all subjects according to their original
assigned treatment
What is the purpose of intention-to-treat analysis? - CORRECT ANS:To avoid bias from attrition,
crossover, and noncompliance
What is the disadvantage of intention-to-treat analysis? - CORRECT ANS:May dilute the true effects of
the intervention
What is the as-treated analysis? - CORRECT ANS:Analyzing subjects according to the treatment they
actually received
What is the disadvantage of as-treated analysis? - CORRECT ANS:Increases the risk of bias
What is the per-protocol analysis? - CORRECT ANS:Excluding subjects who did not complete the
originally assigned treatment
What is the disadvantage of per-protocol analysis? - CORRECT ANS:Increases the risk of bias
