NSG 5003 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY CORRECT TEST
PAPER QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SET A+
✔✔Substrate - ✔✔reactant of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction
✔✔Amphipathic molecules are - ✔✔molecules that contain both hydrophobic and
hydrophilic regions
✔✔Which are the roles of relay chains in signal transduction? - ✔✔Transfer the signal,
Amplify the signal, and Distribute the signal
✔✔functions of proteins - ✔✔structural support, catalyst, transport, defense, movement,
regulation
✔✔Intracellular fluid (ICF) - ✔✔fluid inside cells
✔✔Extracellular fluid (ECF) - ✔✔fluid outside the cells; includes intravascular and
interstitial fluids
✔✔Water balance is regulated by - ✔✔thirst and ADH
✔✔Isotonic - ✔✔when the concentration of two solutions is the same
✔✔Hypertonic - ✔✔when comparing two solutions, the solution with the greater
concentration of solutes
✔✔Hypotonic - ✔✔when comparing two solutions, the solution with the lesser
concentration of solutes
✔✔Potassium - ✔✔is the predominant ICF ion; it functions to regulate ICF osmolality,
maintain the resting membrane potential, and deposit glycogen in liver and skeletal
muscle cells
, ✔✔Calcium - ✔✔a necessary ion in the structure of bones and teeth, in blood clotting,
in hormone secretion and the function of cell receptors, and in membrane stability
✔✔Phosphate - ✔✔acts as a buffer in acid-base regulation and provides energy for
muscle contraction
✔✔T/F: Parathyroid hormone (PTH), vitamin D, and calcitonin rigidly control sodium and
phosphate concentrations. - ✔✔False: Parathyroid hormone (PTH), vitamin D, and
calcitonin rigidly control calcium and phosphate concentrations.
✔✔Magnesium - ✔✔a major intracellular cation and is principally regulated by PTH.
✔✔hydrogen ion concentration - ✔✔The amount of hydrogen ions present in a solution
✔✔acid-base balance - ✔✔equilibrium between acid and base concentrations in the
body fluids
✔✔Buffers - ✔✔mixtures that can react with acids or bases to keep the pH within a
particular range
✔✔T/F: Changes in the concentration of hydrogen in the blood will cause acid-base
imbalances - ✔✔True
✔✔Acidosis - ✔✔pH < 7.5, there is too much acid in the body fluids, Acidosis occurs
when acid builds up or when bicarbonate (a base) is lost. Acidosis is classified as either
respiratory or metabolic acidosis
✔✔Alkalosis - ✔✔pH > 7.45, when your body has too many bases, decreased carbon
dioxide (an acid) level or increased bicarbonate (a base) level makes the body too
alkaline
✔✔Acidosis occurs when - ✔✔the plasma concentration of H ions exceeds the normal
range
✔✔Hydropic swelling - ✔✔cellular swelling due to accumulation of water
✔✔Adaptive cellular responses - ✔✔Tissue goes through changes because of noxious
stimuli (environmental changes/injury) - it becomes tissue that can withstand the stimuli
✔✔Age related changes - ✔✔physiological events due to increasing age, which affect
drug responses
✔✔somatic death - ✔✔death of the entire person/organism
PAPER QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SET A+
✔✔Substrate - ✔✔reactant of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction
✔✔Amphipathic molecules are - ✔✔molecules that contain both hydrophobic and
hydrophilic regions
✔✔Which are the roles of relay chains in signal transduction? - ✔✔Transfer the signal,
Amplify the signal, and Distribute the signal
✔✔functions of proteins - ✔✔structural support, catalyst, transport, defense, movement,
regulation
✔✔Intracellular fluid (ICF) - ✔✔fluid inside cells
✔✔Extracellular fluid (ECF) - ✔✔fluid outside the cells; includes intravascular and
interstitial fluids
✔✔Water balance is regulated by - ✔✔thirst and ADH
✔✔Isotonic - ✔✔when the concentration of two solutions is the same
✔✔Hypertonic - ✔✔when comparing two solutions, the solution with the greater
concentration of solutes
✔✔Hypotonic - ✔✔when comparing two solutions, the solution with the lesser
concentration of solutes
✔✔Potassium - ✔✔is the predominant ICF ion; it functions to regulate ICF osmolality,
maintain the resting membrane potential, and deposit glycogen in liver and skeletal
muscle cells
, ✔✔Calcium - ✔✔a necessary ion in the structure of bones and teeth, in blood clotting,
in hormone secretion and the function of cell receptors, and in membrane stability
✔✔Phosphate - ✔✔acts as a buffer in acid-base regulation and provides energy for
muscle contraction
✔✔T/F: Parathyroid hormone (PTH), vitamin D, and calcitonin rigidly control sodium and
phosphate concentrations. - ✔✔False: Parathyroid hormone (PTH), vitamin D, and
calcitonin rigidly control calcium and phosphate concentrations.
✔✔Magnesium - ✔✔a major intracellular cation and is principally regulated by PTH.
✔✔hydrogen ion concentration - ✔✔The amount of hydrogen ions present in a solution
✔✔acid-base balance - ✔✔equilibrium between acid and base concentrations in the
body fluids
✔✔Buffers - ✔✔mixtures that can react with acids or bases to keep the pH within a
particular range
✔✔T/F: Changes in the concentration of hydrogen in the blood will cause acid-base
imbalances - ✔✔True
✔✔Acidosis - ✔✔pH < 7.5, there is too much acid in the body fluids, Acidosis occurs
when acid builds up or when bicarbonate (a base) is lost. Acidosis is classified as either
respiratory or metabolic acidosis
✔✔Alkalosis - ✔✔pH > 7.45, when your body has too many bases, decreased carbon
dioxide (an acid) level or increased bicarbonate (a base) level makes the body too
alkaline
✔✔Acidosis occurs when - ✔✔the plasma concentration of H ions exceeds the normal
range
✔✔Hydropic swelling - ✔✔cellular swelling due to accumulation of water
✔✔Adaptive cellular responses - ✔✔Tissue goes through changes because of noxious
stimuli (environmental changes/injury) - it becomes tissue that can withstand the stimuli
✔✔Age related changes - ✔✔physiological events due to increasing age, which affect
drug responses
✔✔somatic death - ✔✔death of the entire person/organism
