NR565 ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY
FUNDAMENTALS WITH CORRECT
SOLUTIONS /CHAMBERLAIN /GRADED A+
1. Factors Affecting Drug Distribution - -ANS☑️☑️--Blood flow to tissues
Ability to exit the vascular system
Blood-brain barrier
Protein-binding capacity
2. Xenobiotics - -ANS☑️☑️--substances that are foreign to the body, usually
synthetic chemical compounds; medications are a common example
3. Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) - -ANS☑️☑️--xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes
necessary for the production of cholesterol and steroids and the detoxification
of chemicals and drug metabolism.
4. Function of Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) - -ANS☑️☑️--responsible for phase 1
metabolism in which drugs are oxidized, reduced, or hydrolyzed
5. Pharmacokinetics - -ANS☑️☑️--The process by which drugs are absorbed,
distributed within the body, metabolized, and excreted.
6. Pharmacodynamics - -ANS☑️☑️--The study of what the drug does to the body
7. Factors Affecting Drug Absorption - -ANS☑️☑️--Rate of dissolution
Surface area
Blood flow
Lipid solubility
pH partitioning
, 8. Phase 1 Metabolism of Drugs via P450 - -ANS☑️☑️--Oxidation; Reduction;
Hydrolysis
9. Three possible outcomes of phase 1 drug metabolism. - -ANS☑️☑️---Drug
becomes completely inactive
-Drug becomes partially inactive but one or more metabolites remain active
-Original drug is not pharmacologically active but one metabolite remains active
10. CYP450 Inducers - -ANS☑️☑️--Medications that can increase the rate of
another drug's metabolism by elevating CYP450 enzyme activity via increasing
enzyme synthesis. decreasing the concentration of the "parent drug"
11. CYP450 Inducer Medications - -ANS☑️☑️--CRAPGPS
Carbamazepine
Rifampin
Alcohol
Phenytoin
Griseofulvin
Phenobarbital
Sulfonylureas
12. CYP450 Inhibitors - -ANS☑️☑️--Medications that inhibit the metabolic activity
of one or more of the CYP450 enzymes. Higher risk for toxicity; prolongs the
pharmacological effect of the "parent drug".
, 13. CYP450 Inhibitor Medications - -ANS☑️☑️--VISACKGQ
Valproate
Isoniazid
Sulfonamides
Amiodarone
Chloramphenicol
Ketoconazole
Grapefruit Juice
Quinidine
14. Beers Criteria - -ANS☑️☑️---potentially Inappropriate Medication (PIM) use in
older adults
-potentially Inappropriate Medication (PIM) use in older adults due to
medication-disease or medication-syndrome interactions that may exacerbate
the disease or syndrome
-medications to be used cautiously in older adults
-clinically significant drug interactions that should be avoided in older adults
-medications to be avoided or dosage decreased in the presence of impaired
kidney function in older adults
15. Pharmacokinetic Interactions - -ANS☑️☑️--when one medication systemically
alters the potency of another medication.
16. Absorption Interaction - -ANS☑️☑️--result of a change due to one medication's
effect on another medication's route of entry into the body.
17. Distribution Interaction - -ANS☑️☑️--caused by the amount of unbound/free
medications available at the various target sites.
, 18. Metabolism Interaction - -ANS☑️☑️--concentration of the medication after
biotransformation into active and inactive metabolites in higher or lower than
expected.
19. Elimination Interaction - -ANS☑️☑️--the body's ability to eliminate medications
in pure form or by altering a metabolite from the body.
20. Pharmacodynamic Interactions - -ANS☑️☑️--does not alter or impact
absorption, distribution, metabolism, or elimination because of the one
medication's ability to manipulate the effect of another medication at its site of
action
21. Practice Authority - -ANS☑️☑️--refers to the nurse practitioner's ability to
practice without physician oversight
22. prescriptive authority - -ANS☑️☑️--refers to the nurse practitioner's authority
to prescribe medications.
23. Full-practice scope - -ANS☑️☑️--Nurse practitioners have the autonomy to
evaluate patients, diagnose, order and interpret tests, initiate and manage
treatments and prescribe medications, including controlled substances without
physician oversight.
24. Reduced-practice scope - -ANS☑️☑️--Nurse practitioners are limited in at least
one element of practice. The state requires a formal collaborative agreement
with an outside health discipline for the nurse practitioner to provide patient
care.
FUNDAMENTALS WITH CORRECT
SOLUTIONS /CHAMBERLAIN /GRADED A+
1. Factors Affecting Drug Distribution - -ANS☑️☑️--Blood flow to tissues
Ability to exit the vascular system
Blood-brain barrier
Protein-binding capacity
2. Xenobiotics - -ANS☑️☑️--substances that are foreign to the body, usually
synthetic chemical compounds; medications are a common example
3. Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) - -ANS☑️☑️--xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes
necessary for the production of cholesterol and steroids and the detoxification
of chemicals and drug metabolism.
4. Function of Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) - -ANS☑️☑️--responsible for phase 1
metabolism in which drugs are oxidized, reduced, or hydrolyzed
5. Pharmacokinetics - -ANS☑️☑️--The process by which drugs are absorbed,
distributed within the body, metabolized, and excreted.
6. Pharmacodynamics - -ANS☑️☑️--The study of what the drug does to the body
7. Factors Affecting Drug Absorption - -ANS☑️☑️--Rate of dissolution
Surface area
Blood flow
Lipid solubility
pH partitioning
, 8. Phase 1 Metabolism of Drugs via P450 - -ANS☑️☑️--Oxidation; Reduction;
Hydrolysis
9. Three possible outcomes of phase 1 drug metabolism. - -ANS☑️☑️---Drug
becomes completely inactive
-Drug becomes partially inactive but one or more metabolites remain active
-Original drug is not pharmacologically active but one metabolite remains active
10. CYP450 Inducers - -ANS☑️☑️--Medications that can increase the rate of
another drug's metabolism by elevating CYP450 enzyme activity via increasing
enzyme synthesis. decreasing the concentration of the "parent drug"
11. CYP450 Inducer Medications - -ANS☑️☑️--CRAPGPS
Carbamazepine
Rifampin
Alcohol
Phenytoin
Griseofulvin
Phenobarbital
Sulfonylureas
12. CYP450 Inhibitors - -ANS☑️☑️--Medications that inhibit the metabolic activity
of one or more of the CYP450 enzymes. Higher risk for toxicity; prolongs the
pharmacological effect of the "parent drug".
, 13. CYP450 Inhibitor Medications - -ANS☑️☑️--VISACKGQ
Valproate
Isoniazid
Sulfonamides
Amiodarone
Chloramphenicol
Ketoconazole
Grapefruit Juice
Quinidine
14. Beers Criteria - -ANS☑️☑️---potentially Inappropriate Medication (PIM) use in
older adults
-potentially Inappropriate Medication (PIM) use in older adults due to
medication-disease or medication-syndrome interactions that may exacerbate
the disease or syndrome
-medications to be used cautiously in older adults
-clinically significant drug interactions that should be avoided in older adults
-medications to be avoided or dosage decreased in the presence of impaired
kidney function in older adults
15. Pharmacokinetic Interactions - -ANS☑️☑️--when one medication systemically
alters the potency of another medication.
16. Absorption Interaction - -ANS☑️☑️--result of a change due to one medication's
effect on another medication's route of entry into the body.
17. Distribution Interaction - -ANS☑️☑️--caused by the amount of unbound/free
medications available at the various target sites.
, 18. Metabolism Interaction - -ANS☑️☑️--concentration of the medication after
biotransformation into active and inactive metabolites in higher or lower than
expected.
19. Elimination Interaction - -ANS☑️☑️--the body's ability to eliminate medications
in pure form or by altering a metabolite from the body.
20. Pharmacodynamic Interactions - -ANS☑️☑️--does not alter or impact
absorption, distribution, metabolism, or elimination because of the one
medication's ability to manipulate the effect of another medication at its site of
action
21. Practice Authority - -ANS☑️☑️--refers to the nurse practitioner's ability to
practice without physician oversight
22. prescriptive authority - -ANS☑️☑️--refers to the nurse practitioner's authority
to prescribe medications.
23. Full-practice scope - -ANS☑️☑️--Nurse practitioners have the autonomy to
evaluate patients, diagnose, order and interpret tests, initiate and manage
treatments and prescribe medications, including controlled substances without
physician oversight.
24. Reduced-practice scope - -ANS☑️☑️--Nurse practitioners are limited in at least
one element of practice. The state requires a formal collaborative agreement
with an outside health discipline for the nurse practitioner to provide patient
care.
