AP PSYCHOLOGY CORRECT EXAMS QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS SET A+
✔✔modeling - ✔✔the process of observing and imitating a specific behavior
✔✔prosocial behavior - ✔✔positive, constructive, helpful behavior. The opposite of
antisocial behavior.
✔✔memory - ✔✔the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval
of information
✔✔flashbulb memory - ✔✔a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or
event
✔✔encoding - ✔✔the processing of information into the memory system--for example,
by extracting meaning
✔✔storage - ✔✔the retention of encoded information over time
✔✔retrieval - ✔✔the process of getting information out of memory storage
✔✔sensory memory - ✔✔the immediate, initial recording of sensory information in the
memory system
✔✔short-term memory - ✔✔activated memory that holds a few items briefly, such as the
seven digits of a phone number while dialing, before the information is stored or
forgotten
✔✔long-term memory - ✔✔the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the
memory system
✔✔working memory - ✔✔a similar concept that focuses more on the processing of
briefly stored information
,✔✔automatic processing - ✔✔unconscious encoding of incidental information, such as
space, time, and frequency, and of well-learned information, such as word meaning
✔✔effortful processing - ✔✔encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
✔✔rehearsal - ✔✔the conscious repetition of information, either to maintain it in
consciousness or to encode it for storage
✔✔spacing effect - ✔✔the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-
term retention than is achieved through massed study or practiced
✔✔serial position effect - ✔✔our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
✔✔semantic encoding - ✔✔the encoding of meaning, including the meaning of words
✔✔acoustic encoding - ✔✔the encoding of sound, especially the sound of words
✔✔visual encoding - ✔✔the encoding of picture images
✔✔imagery - ✔✔mental pictures, a powerful aid to effortful processing, especially when
combined with semantic encoding
✔✔mnemonics - ✔✔memory aids, especially those techniques that use vivd imagery
and organizational devices
✔✔chunking - ✔✔organizing items into familiar, manageable units; often occurs
automatically
✔✔iconic memory - ✔✔a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli; a photographic
or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
✔✔echoic memory - ✔✔momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli; if attention is
elsewhere, sounds and words can still be recalled with 3 or 4 seconds
✔✔long-term potentiation (LPT) - ✔✔an increase in a synapse's firing potential after
brief, rapid stimulation. Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
✔✔amnesia - ✔✔the loss of memory
✔✔implicit memory - ✔✔retention without conscious recollection (of skills and
dispositions) (aka procedural memory)
, ✔✔explicit memory - ✔✔memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously
know and "declare" (aka declarative memory)
✔✔hippocampus - ✔✔a neural center located in the limbic system that helps process
explicit memories for storage
✔✔recall - ✔✔a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information
learned earlier, as on a fill-in-the-blank test
✔✔recognition - ✔✔a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items
previously learned, as on a multiple-choice test
✔✔relearning - ✔✔a memory measure that assesses the amount of time saved when
learning material for a second time
✔✔priming - ✔✔the activation, often unconsciously, of particular associations in
memory
✔✔déjà vu - ✔✔the eerie sense that "I've experienced this before." Cues from the
current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
✔✔mood-congruent memory - ✔✔the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent
with one's current good or bad mood
✔✔proactive interference - ✔✔the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new
information
✔✔retroactive interference - ✔✔the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old
information
✔✔repression - ✔✔in psychoanalytic theory, the basic defense mechanism that
banishes anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories from consciousness
✔✔misinformation effect - ✔✔incorporating misleading information into one's memory of
an event
✔✔source amnesia - ✔✔attributing to the wrong source an event that we have
experienced, heard about, read about, or imagined (aka source misattribution). Source
amnesia, along with the misinformation effect, is at the heart of many false memories
✔✔cognition - ✔✔the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, and
remembering
✔✔concept - ✔✔a mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people
AND ANSWERS SET A+
✔✔modeling - ✔✔the process of observing and imitating a specific behavior
✔✔prosocial behavior - ✔✔positive, constructive, helpful behavior. The opposite of
antisocial behavior.
✔✔memory - ✔✔the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval
of information
✔✔flashbulb memory - ✔✔a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or
event
✔✔encoding - ✔✔the processing of information into the memory system--for example,
by extracting meaning
✔✔storage - ✔✔the retention of encoded information over time
✔✔retrieval - ✔✔the process of getting information out of memory storage
✔✔sensory memory - ✔✔the immediate, initial recording of sensory information in the
memory system
✔✔short-term memory - ✔✔activated memory that holds a few items briefly, such as the
seven digits of a phone number while dialing, before the information is stored or
forgotten
✔✔long-term memory - ✔✔the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the
memory system
✔✔working memory - ✔✔a similar concept that focuses more on the processing of
briefly stored information
,✔✔automatic processing - ✔✔unconscious encoding of incidental information, such as
space, time, and frequency, and of well-learned information, such as word meaning
✔✔effortful processing - ✔✔encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
✔✔rehearsal - ✔✔the conscious repetition of information, either to maintain it in
consciousness or to encode it for storage
✔✔spacing effect - ✔✔the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-
term retention than is achieved through massed study or practiced
✔✔serial position effect - ✔✔our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
✔✔semantic encoding - ✔✔the encoding of meaning, including the meaning of words
✔✔acoustic encoding - ✔✔the encoding of sound, especially the sound of words
✔✔visual encoding - ✔✔the encoding of picture images
✔✔imagery - ✔✔mental pictures, a powerful aid to effortful processing, especially when
combined with semantic encoding
✔✔mnemonics - ✔✔memory aids, especially those techniques that use vivd imagery
and organizational devices
✔✔chunking - ✔✔organizing items into familiar, manageable units; often occurs
automatically
✔✔iconic memory - ✔✔a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli; a photographic
or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
✔✔echoic memory - ✔✔momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli; if attention is
elsewhere, sounds and words can still be recalled with 3 or 4 seconds
✔✔long-term potentiation (LPT) - ✔✔an increase in a synapse's firing potential after
brief, rapid stimulation. Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
✔✔amnesia - ✔✔the loss of memory
✔✔implicit memory - ✔✔retention without conscious recollection (of skills and
dispositions) (aka procedural memory)
, ✔✔explicit memory - ✔✔memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously
know and "declare" (aka declarative memory)
✔✔hippocampus - ✔✔a neural center located in the limbic system that helps process
explicit memories for storage
✔✔recall - ✔✔a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information
learned earlier, as on a fill-in-the-blank test
✔✔recognition - ✔✔a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items
previously learned, as on a multiple-choice test
✔✔relearning - ✔✔a memory measure that assesses the amount of time saved when
learning material for a second time
✔✔priming - ✔✔the activation, often unconsciously, of particular associations in
memory
✔✔déjà vu - ✔✔the eerie sense that "I've experienced this before." Cues from the
current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
✔✔mood-congruent memory - ✔✔the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent
with one's current good or bad mood
✔✔proactive interference - ✔✔the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new
information
✔✔retroactive interference - ✔✔the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old
information
✔✔repression - ✔✔in psychoanalytic theory, the basic defense mechanism that
banishes anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories from consciousness
✔✔misinformation effect - ✔✔incorporating misleading information into one's memory of
an event
✔✔source amnesia - ✔✔attributing to the wrong source an event that we have
experienced, heard about, read about, or imagined (aka source misattribution). Source
amnesia, along with the misinformation effect, is at the heart of many false memories
✔✔cognition - ✔✔the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, and
remembering
✔✔concept - ✔✔a mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people
