BIO 156 FINALS LATEST QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS SET A+
✔✔lactate fermentation - ✔✔Anaerobic sugar breakdown pathway that produces ATP
and lactate.
yogur
running
✔✔Ethanol - ✔✔move quickly from stomach and small intestine into the bloodstream.
ends up in the liver .
interferes with normal processes of metabolism
✔✔ADH (alcohol dehydrogenase) - ✔✔helps break down ethanol and other toxic
compounds.
✔✔alcoholic herpatitis - ✔✔inflammation and destruction of liver tissue.
cause cirrhosis
✔✔Cirrhosis - ✔✔liver becomes so scarred, hardened, and filled with fat that it loses its
function.
✔✔liver - ✔✔largest gland,
breaking down fats and toxins
regulate body's blood sugar
make protein for blood clotting. immune function, solute balance of body fluids.
✔✔Energy - ✔✔capacity to do work
light, heat, electricity and motion.
spread out or disperse until no part of a system holds more than another part.
✔✔kinetic energy - ✔✔energy of motion
, ✔✔Thermodynamics - ✔✔the formal study of heat and other forms of energy is
thermodynamics
✔✔first law of thermodynamics - ✔✔the total amount of energy before and after every
conversion is always the same.
✔✔Entropy - ✔✔measure of how much the energy of a particular system has become
dispersed.
✔✔second law of thermodynamics - ✔✔tendency of entropy to increase
energy tends to spread out spontaneously
✔✔potential energy - ✔✔energy in chemical bond.
energy stored in the position or arrangement of objects in a system
✔✔Endergonic - ✔✔If the reactants have less free energy than the products, the
reaction will not proceed without a net energy input.
energy in
✔✔Exergonic - ✔✔If the reactants have more free energy than the products, the
reaction will end with a net release of energy.
energy out
✔✔activation energy - ✔✔the minimum amount of energy required to get a chemical
reaction started.
✔✔catalysis - ✔✔an enzyme makes a reaction run much faster than it would on its own.
✔✔substrates - ✔✔Of an enzyme, a reactant that is specifically acted upon by the
enzyme.
✔✔transition state - ✔✔Point during a reaction at which substrate bonds will break and
the reaction will run spontaneously to completion.
✔✔induced-fit model - ✔✔Substrate binding to an active site improves the fit between
the two.
✔✔active site - ✔✔Pocket in an enzyme where substrates bind and a chemical reaction
occurs.
✔✔allosteric regulation - ✔✔Control of enzyme activity by a regulatory molecule or ion
that binds to a region outside the enzyme's active site.
ANSWERS SET A+
✔✔lactate fermentation - ✔✔Anaerobic sugar breakdown pathway that produces ATP
and lactate.
yogur
running
✔✔Ethanol - ✔✔move quickly from stomach and small intestine into the bloodstream.
ends up in the liver .
interferes with normal processes of metabolism
✔✔ADH (alcohol dehydrogenase) - ✔✔helps break down ethanol and other toxic
compounds.
✔✔alcoholic herpatitis - ✔✔inflammation and destruction of liver tissue.
cause cirrhosis
✔✔Cirrhosis - ✔✔liver becomes so scarred, hardened, and filled with fat that it loses its
function.
✔✔liver - ✔✔largest gland,
breaking down fats and toxins
regulate body's blood sugar
make protein for blood clotting. immune function, solute balance of body fluids.
✔✔Energy - ✔✔capacity to do work
light, heat, electricity and motion.
spread out or disperse until no part of a system holds more than another part.
✔✔kinetic energy - ✔✔energy of motion
, ✔✔Thermodynamics - ✔✔the formal study of heat and other forms of energy is
thermodynamics
✔✔first law of thermodynamics - ✔✔the total amount of energy before and after every
conversion is always the same.
✔✔Entropy - ✔✔measure of how much the energy of a particular system has become
dispersed.
✔✔second law of thermodynamics - ✔✔tendency of entropy to increase
energy tends to spread out spontaneously
✔✔potential energy - ✔✔energy in chemical bond.
energy stored in the position or arrangement of objects in a system
✔✔Endergonic - ✔✔If the reactants have less free energy than the products, the
reaction will not proceed without a net energy input.
energy in
✔✔Exergonic - ✔✔If the reactants have more free energy than the products, the
reaction will end with a net release of energy.
energy out
✔✔activation energy - ✔✔the minimum amount of energy required to get a chemical
reaction started.
✔✔catalysis - ✔✔an enzyme makes a reaction run much faster than it would on its own.
✔✔substrates - ✔✔Of an enzyme, a reactant that is specifically acted upon by the
enzyme.
✔✔transition state - ✔✔Point during a reaction at which substrate bonds will break and
the reaction will run spontaneously to completion.
✔✔induced-fit model - ✔✔Substrate binding to an active site improves the fit between
the two.
✔✔active site - ✔✔Pocket in an enzyme where substrates bind and a chemical reaction
occurs.
✔✔allosteric regulation - ✔✔Control of enzyme activity by a regulatory molecule or ion
that binds to a region outside the enzyme's active site.
