OKLAHOMA READING TEST-OKLAHOMA STATE UNIVERSITY
(ORT) EXAM STUDY SET WITH 100% VERIFIED SOLUTIONS!!
Alphabetic Principle - (ANSWER)The concept that letters and letter combinations are used to represent
phonemes in orthography (written language)
Phonological Awareness - (ANSWER)Ability to separate sentences into words and words into syllables;
awareness of any size unit of sound (word, rime, syllables, onset, phoneme); Is the general appreciation
of how language can be divided into components.
Phonemic Awareness - (ANSWER)Ability to recognize that words are made up of a discrete set of sounds
and to manipulate sounds
Phonics - (ANSWER)is a method of teaching that maps phonemes (sound) to graphemes (letters)
Self-Monitoring - (ANSWER)is when readers are aware of their own mistakes
Metacognition - (ANSWER)thinking about one's own thinking. *We should model our own thinking
always!*
Vocabulary - (ANSWER)(Next few terms)
Shared Reading - (ANSWER)an interactive reading experience that occurs when students join in or share
the reading of a book or other text while guided and supported by a teacher. The teacher explicitly
models the skills of proficient readers, including reading with fluency and expression.
Guided Reading - (ANSWER)An instructional approach that involves a teacher working with a small group
of readers. During the lesson, the teacher provides a text that students can read with support, coaching
the learners as they use problem-solving strategies to read the text.
Independent Reading - (ANSWER)Children's reading of text-such as books, magazines, and newspapers,
on their own, with minimal to no assistance from adults. It can consist of reading done in or out of
school, including purely voluntary reading for enjoyment or assigned reading for homework.
,OKLAHOMA READING TEST-OKLAHOMA STATE UNIVERSITY
(ORT) EXAM STUDY SET WITH 100% VERIFIED SOLUTIONS!!
Reading Levels - (ANSWER)Independent Level-Relatively easy for the student to read (95% word
accuracy). The highest level you would ask a child to read with only a small amount of assistance.
Instructional level-Challenging but manageable for the reader (90% word accuracy). The highest level at
which a reader is not independent, but has adequate background knowledge for a topic, and can access
text quickly and with no or few errors.
Frustrational Level-Difficult text for the student to read (less than 90% word accuracy).
Fluency: three components - (ANSWER)Reading Rate-Need to be able to adjust your speed based on the
difficulty and content of the text. NOT about race reading.
Accuracy-We aim for 95% accuracy. We want readers to build automaticity so they are able to devote
mental energy to meaning, NOT decoding. Ex: Word Walls, Flashcards
Prosody-How you say the words, reading with expression! The ability to phrase text, use punctuation and
read with intonation.
Practices/strategies for fostering fluency - (ANSWER)Reader's theatre, recorded books, modeled fluent
reading, repeated reading, Big Books (shared reading, reading books at an independent level)
Phoneme - (ANSWER)Phonemes are individual sounds perceived by speakers of an oral language;
smallest unit of speech. Ex: bad has 3 phonemes, good also has 3.
Grapheme - (ANSWER)written representations of phonemes. Ex. d o g
Morpheme - (ANSWER)Smallest unit of meaning in a word. Ex: book has 1 morpheme; rebooking has 3
morphemes (re is 1; book is 1; and ing is 1); books has 2 morphemes (book is 1; and s is 1).
Syllable: Know six types of syllables - (ANSWER)CVCe (vowel + silent e): Have a single vowel with silent e
at the end (ex: racer, cake, flute, stove, late, ninety)
,OKLAHOMA READING TEST-OKLAHOMA STATE UNIVERSITY
(ORT) EXAM STUDY SET WITH 100% VERIFIED SOLUTIONS!!
Open: ends with a vowel (ex: paper, staple, robot, tiger, focus, total, rival, bible, motor)
Closed: ends with a consonant (ex: mittens, common, butter, chicken, bubble, napkin)
R-Controlled: A r follows the vowel(s) and makes the sound say "r" Ex. target, carrot, turnip, orbit,
shorten.
Vowel Team: vowels act as a team to create 1 or 2 sounds (ex: oatmeal, rainbow, cowboy, beatle,
roadwork, boat)
Consonant + le: Words have consonant followed by -le (ex: hurdle, circle, wiggle, bottle, cattle)
Long and Short Vowel Sounds - (ANSWER)(a, e, i, o, u, and somes y and w (ex: low, slow, cowboy); isn't
blocked by anything; always voiced sounds
-Long vowels say their name: Ex: Acorn, Bee, Ice Cream, Ocean, Unicorn, Feast
Short: Don't say their name, say their sound. Ex: Apple, Egg, Igloo, Octopus, Umbrella, Bread
Schwa - (ANSWER)A vowel sound in English that often occurs in an unstressed syllable, such as the /uh/
sound in the first syllable of the word above.
Blend - (ANSWER)2-3 consonants that are used together to form a sound in which each consonant can
individually be heard (ex: bl in bleed, st in thirsty, ing in shopping, sc in escape, cr and st in crust, pr in
prize, bl and st in blast, and scr in scrape) (bl, pl, fl, gl, tr, fr, gr, pr, sk, sm, st, sp)
Digraph - (ANSWER)two letters come together to make one sound (ex: chi and ck in chicken, th in this,
wh in when, th in weather, ch in church, sh in shine, th in path, and wh and th in whether)
, OKLAHOMA READING TEST-OKLAHOMA STATE UNIVERSITY
(ORT) EXAM STUDY SET WITH 100% VERIFIED SOLUTIONS!!
Consonant: Ch, sh, ck, th, ph, wh
Vowel: ay, ee, ea, oa, ai
Diphthong - (ANSWER)The sound produced by combining two vowels into a single syllable or running
together the sounds.
Vowels slide into each other
-Ex: soy, foul, cowboy, enjoy, about, town
Structural analysis - (ANSWER)the process of using familiar word parts (base words, prefixes, and
suffixes) to determine the meaning of unfamiliar words.
ID word parts: compound words, affixes, roots, and syllables, looking at the structure of a word and
analyzing it.
Example: Unstoppable
Prefix: un
Base: stop
Suffix: able
Affixes - (ANSWER)parts added to the beginning (prefix) or end (suffix) of a root word to create new
words.
Base Word - (ANSWER)A unit of meaning that can stand alone as a whole word (e.g., friend, pig). Also
called a free morpheme.
(ORT) EXAM STUDY SET WITH 100% VERIFIED SOLUTIONS!!
Alphabetic Principle - (ANSWER)The concept that letters and letter combinations are used to represent
phonemes in orthography (written language)
Phonological Awareness - (ANSWER)Ability to separate sentences into words and words into syllables;
awareness of any size unit of sound (word, rime, syllables, onset, phoneme); Is the general appreciation
of how language can be divided into components.
Phonemic Awareness - (ANSWER)Ability to recognize that words are made up of a discrete set of sounds
and to manipulate sounds
Phonics - (ANSWER)is a method of teaching that maps phonemes (sound) to graphemes (letters)
Self-Monitoring - (ANSWER)is when readers are aware of their own mistakes
Metacognition - (ANSWER)thinking about one's own thinking. *We should model our own thinking
always!*
Vocabulary - (ANSWER)(Next few terms)
Shared Reading - (ANSWER)an interactive reading experience that occurs when students join in or share
the reading of a book or other text while guided and supported by a teacher. The teacher explicitly
models the skills of proficient readers, including reading with fluency and expression.
Guided Reading - (ANSWER)An instructional approach that involves a teacher working with a small group
of readers. During the lesson, the teacher provides a text that students can read with support, coaching
the learners as they use problem-solving strategies to read the text.
Independent Reading - (ANSWER)Children's reading of text-such as books, magazines, and newspapers,
on their own, with minimal to no assistance from adults. It can consist of reading done in or out of
school, including purely voluntary reading for enjoyment or assigned reading for homework.
,OKLAHOMA READING TEST-OKLAHOMA STATE UNIVERSITY
(ORT) EXAM STUDY SET WITH 100% VERIFIED SOLUTIONS!!
Reading Levels - (ANSWER)Independent Level-Relatively easy for the student to read (95% word
accuracy). The highest level you would ask a child to read with only a small amount of assistance.
Instructional level-Challenging but manageable for the reader (90% word accuracy). The highest level at
which a reader is not independent, but has adequate background knowledge for a topic, and can access
text quickly and with no or few errors.
Frustrational Level-Difficult text for the student to read (less than 90% word accuracy).
Fluency: three components - (ANSWER)Reading Rate-Need to be able to adjust your speed based on the
difficulty and content of the text. NOT about race reading.
Accuracy-We aim for 95% accuracy. We want readers to build automaticity so they are able to devote
mental energy to meaning, NOT decoding. Ex: Word Walls, Flashcards
Prosody-How you say the words, reading with expression! The ability to phrase text, use punctuation and
read with intonation.
Practices/strategies for fostering fluency - (ANSWER)Reader's theatre, recorded books, modeled fluent
reading, repeated reading, Big Books (shared reading, reading books at an independent level)
Phoneme - (ANSWER)Phonemes are individual sounds perceived by speakers of an oral language;
smallest unit of speech. Ex: bad has 3 phonemes, good also has 3.
Grapheme - (ANSWER)written representations of phonemes. Ex. d o g
Morpheme - (ANSWER)Smallest unit of meaning in a word. Ex: book has 1 morpheme; rebooking has 3
morphemes (re is 1; book is 1; and ing is 1); books has 2 morphemes (book is 1; and s is 1).
Syllable: Know six types of syllables - (ANSWER)CVCe (vowel + silent e): Have a single vowel with silent e
at the end (ex: racer, cake, flute, stove, late, ninety)
,OKLAHOMA READING TEST-OKLAHOMA STATE UNIVERSITY
(ORT) EXAM STUDY SET WITH 100% VERIFIED SOLUTIONS!!
Open: ends with a vowel (ex: paper, staple, robot, tiger, focus, total, rival, bible, motor)
Closed: ends with a consonant (ex: mittens, common, butter, chicken, bubble, napkin)
R-Controlled: A r follows the vowel(s) and makes the sound say "r" Ex. target, carrot, turnip, orbit,
shorten.
Vowel Team: vowels act as a team to create 1 or 2 sounds (ex: oatmeal, rainbow, cowboy, beatle,
roadwork, boat)
Consonant + le: Words have consonant followed by -le (ex: hurdle, circle, wiggle, bottle, cattle)
Long and Short Vowel Sounds - (ANSWER)(a, e, i, o, u, and somes y and w (ex: low, slow, cowboy); isn't
blocked by anything; always voiced sounds
-Long vowels say their name: Ex: Acorn, Bee, Ice Cream, Ocean, Unicorn, Feast
Short: Don't say their name, say their sound. Ex: Apple, Egg, Igloo, Octopus, Umbrella, Bread
Schwa - (ANSWER)A vowel sound in English that often occurs in an unstressed syllable, such as the /uh/
sound in the first syllable of the word above.
Blend - (ANSWER)2-3 consonants that are used together to form a sound in which each consonant can
individually be heard (ex: bl in bleed, st in thirsty, ing in shopping, sc in escape, cr and st in crust, pr in
prize, bl and st in blast, and scr in scrape) (bl, pl, fl, gl, tr, fr, gr, pr, sk, sm, st, sp)
Digraph - (ANSWER)two letters come together to make one sound (ex: chi and ck in chicken, th in this,
wh in when, th in weather, ch in church, sh in shine, th in path, and wh and th in whether)
, OKLAHOMA READING TEST-OKLAHOMA STATE UNIVERSITY
(ORT) EXAM STUDY SET WITH 100% VERIFIED SOLUTIONS!!
Consonant: Ch, sh, ck, th, ph, wh
Vowel: ay, ee, ea, oa, ai
Diphthong - (ANSWER)The sound produced by combining two vowels into a single syllable or running
together the sounds.
Vowels slide into each other
-Ex: soy, foul, cowboy, enjoy, about, town
Structural analysis - (ANSWER)the process of using familiar word parts (base words, prefixes, and
suffixes) to determine the meaning of unfamiliar words.
ID word parts: compound words, affixes, roots, and syllables, looking at the structure of a word and
analyzing it.
Example: Unstoppable
Prefix: un
Base: stop
Suffix: able
Affixes - (ANSWER)parts added to the beginning (prefix) or end (suffix) of a root word to create new
words.
Base Word - (ANSWER)A unit of meaning that can stand alone as a whole word (e.g., friend, pig). Also
called a free morpheme.
