CHEM 219: Organic Chemistry - Module 8
Biochemistry: Carbohydrates, Lipids & Amino Acids
Portage Learning 2026/2027 | 500-Question Final Drill
CARBOHYDRATE STRUCTURE
Q1: Which of the following is a ketohexose?
A. Glucose | B. Galactose | C. Fructose | D. Ribose
Correct: C
Mechanism Note: Fructose is a 6-carbon sugar (hexose) containing a ketone functional group (ketohexose), whereas glucose and
galactose are aldohexoses.
DISACCHARIDES
Q2: Lactose is a disaccharide composed of which two monosaccharides, and what type
of linkage connects them?
A. Glucose + Glucose; alpha-1,4 | B. Glucose + Fructose; alpha-1,2 | C. Galactose + Glucose; beta-1,4 | D. Galactose +
Fructose; beta-1,2
Correct: C
Mechanism Note: Lactose consists of galactose and glucose joined by a beta-1,4-glycosidic bond.
LIPID METABOLISM
Q3: What is the primary function of Bile Salts in the digestion of lipids?
A. Enzymatic hydrolysis of triglycerides | B. Emulsification of large fat globules into micelles | C. Transport of
chylomicrons into the lacteals | D. Conversion of fatty acids into Acetyl-CoA
Correct: B
Mechanism Note: Bile salts act as detergents to emulsify fats, increasing the surface area for lipase enzymes to work.
AMINO ACIDS & ISOELECTRIC POINT
Q4: At a pH below its isoelectric point (pI), what will be the overall net charge of an
amino acid?
A. Negative | B. Positive | C. Neutral (Zwitterion) | D. No charge
Correct: B
Mechanism Note: When pH < pI, the solution is acidic (excess H+), causing the amino acid to become protonated and carry a net
positive charge.
METABOLIC PATHWAYS
Q5: Which process describes the breakdown of fatty acids into Acetyl-CoA units?
A. Glycolysis | B. Beta-Oxidation | C. Gluconeogenesis | D. Lipogenesis
Correct: B
Mechanism Note: Beta-oxidation is the catabolic process by which fatty acid molecules are broken down in the mitochondria to
generate Acetyl-CoA.
CHEM 219 Module 8 - Page 1
,CARBOHYDRATE STRUCTURE
Q6: Which of the following is a ketohexose?
A. Glucose | B. Galactose | C. Fructose | D. Ribose
Correct: C
Mechanism Note: Fructose is a 6-carbon sugar (hexose) containing a ketone functional group (ketohexose), whereas glucose and
galactose are aldohexoses.
DISACCHARIDES
Q7: Lactose is a disaccharide composed of which two monosaccharides, and what type
of linkage connects them?
A. Glucose + Glucose; alpha-1,4 | B. Glucose + Fructose; alpha-1,2 | C. Galactose + Glucose; beta-1,4 | D. Galactose +
Fructose; beta-1,2
Correct: C
Mechanism Note: Lactose consists of galactose and glucose joined by a beta-1,4-glycosidic bond.
LIPID METABOLISM
Q8: What is the primary function of Bile Salts in the digestion of lipids?
A. Enzymatic hydrolysis of triglycerides | B. Emulsification of large fat globules into micelles | C. Transport of
chylomicrons into the lacteals | D. Conversion of fatty acids into Acetyl-CoA
Correct: B
Mechanism Note: Bile salts act as detergents to emulsify fats, increasing the surface area for lipase enzymes to work.
AMINO ACIDS & ISOELECTRIC POINT
Q9: At a pH below its isoelectric point (pI), what will be the overall net charge of an
amino acid?
A. Negative | B. Positive | C. Neutral (Zwitterion) | D. No charge
Correct: B
Mechanism Note: When pH < pI, the solution is acidic (excess H+), causing the amino acid to become protonated and carry a net
positive charge.
METABOLIC PATHWAYS
Q10: Which process describes the breakdown of fatty acids into Acetyl-CoA units?
A. Glycolysis | B. Beta-Oxidation | C. Gluconeogenesis | D. Lipogenesis
Correct: B
Mechanism Note: Beta-oxidation is the catabolic process by which fatty acid molecules are broken down in the mitochondria to
generate Acetyl-CoA.
CARBOHYDRATE STRUCTURE
Q11: Which of the following is a ketohexose?
A. Glucose | B. Galactose | C. Fructose | D. Ribose
Correct: C
Mechanism Note: Fructose is a 6-carbon sugar (hexose) containing a ketone functional group (ketohexose), whereas glucose and
galactose are aldohexoses.
CHEM 219 Module 8 - Page 2
,DISACCHARIDES
Q12: Lactose is a disaccharide composed of which two monosaccharides, and what type
of linkage connects them?
A. Glucose + Glucose; alpha-1,4 | B. Glucose + Fructose; alpha-1,2 | C. Galactose + Glucose; beta-1,4 | D. Galactose +
Fructose; beta-1,2
Correct: C
Mechanism Note: Lactose consists of galactose and glucose joined by a beta-1,4-glycosidic bond.
LIPID METABOLISM
Q13: What is the primary function of Bile Salts in the digestion of lipids?
A. Enzymatic hydrolysis of triglycerides | B. Emulsification of large fat globules into micelles | C. Transport of
chylomicrons into the lacteals | D. Conversion of fatty acids into Acetyl-CoA
Correct: B
Mechanism Note: Bile salts act as detergents to emulsify fats, increasing the surface area for lipase enzymes to work.
AMINO ACIDS & ISOELECTRIC POINT
Q14: At a pH below its isoelectric point (pI), what will be the overall net charge of an
amino acid?
A. Negative | B. Positive | C. Neutral (Zwitterion) | D. No charge
Correct: B
Mechanism Note: When pH < pI, the solution is acidic (excess H+), causing the amino acid to become protonated and carry a net
positive charge.
METABOLIC PATHWAYS
Q15: Which process describes the breakdown of fatty acids into Acetyl-CoA units?
A. Glycolysis | B. Beta-Oxidation | C. Gluconeogenesis | D. Lipogenesis
Correct: B
Mechanism Note: Beta-oxidation is the catabolic process by which fatty acid molecules are broken down in the mitochondria to
generate Acetyl-CoA.
CARBOHYDRATE STRUCTURE
Q16: Which of the following is a ketohexose?
A. Glucose | B. Galactose | C. Fructose | D. Ribose
Correct: C
Mechanism Note: Fructose is a 6-carbon sugar (hexose) containing a ketone functional group (ketohexose), whereas glucose and
galactose are aldohexoses.
DISACCHARIDES
Q17: Lactose is a disaccharide composed of which two monosaccharides, and what type
of linkage connects them?
A. Glucose + Glucose; alpha-1,4 | B. Glucose + Fructose; alpha-1,2 | C. Galactose + Glucose; beta-1,4 | D. Galactose +
Fructose; beta-1,2
Correct: C
Mechanism Note: Lactose consists of galactose and glucose joined by a beta-1,4-glycosidic bond.
CHEM 219 Module 8 - Page 3
, LIPID METABOLISM
Q18: What is the primary function of Bile Salts in the digestion of lipids?
A. Enzymatic hydrolysis of triglycerides | B. Emulsification of large fat globules into micelles | C. Transport of
chylomicrons into the lacteals | D. Conversion of fatty acids into Acetyl-CoA
Correct: B
Mechanism Note: Bile salts act as detergents to emulsify fats, increasing the surface area for lipase enzymes to work.
AMINO ACIDS & ISOELECTRIC POINT
Q19: At a pH below its isoelectric point (pI), what will be the overall net charge of an
amino acid?
A. Negative | B. Positive | C. Neutral (Zwitterion) | D. No charge
Correct: B
Mechanism Note: When pH < pI, the solution is acidic (excess H+), causing the amino acid to become protonated and carry a net
positive charge.
METABOLIC PATHWAYS
Q20: Which process describes the breakdown of fatty acids into Acetyl-CoA units?
A. Glycolysis | B. Beta-Oxidation | C. Gluconeogenesis | D. Lipogenesis
Correct: B
Mechanism Note: Beta-oxidation is the catabolic process by which fatty acid molecules are broken down in the mitochondria to
generate Acetyl-CoA.
CARBOHYDRATE STRUCTURE
Q21: Which of the following is a ketohexose?
A. Glucose | B. Galactose | C. Fructose | D. Ribose
Correct: C
Mechanism Note: Fructose is a 6-carbon sugar (hexose) containing a ketone functional group (ketohexose), whereas glucose and
galactose are aldohexoses.
DISACCHARIDES
Q22: Lactose is a disaccharide composed of which two monosaccharides, and what type
of linkage connects them?
A. Glucose + Glucose; alpha-1,4 | B. Glucose + Fructose; alpha-1,2 | C. Galactose + Glucose; beta-1,4 | D. Galactose +
Fructose; beta-1,2
Correct: C
Mechanism Note: Lactose consists of galactose and glucose joined by a beta-1,4-glycosidic bond.
LIPID METABOLISM
Q23: What is the primary function of Bile Salts in the digestion of lipids?
A. Enzymatic hydrolysis of triglycerides | B. Emulsification of large fat globules into micelles | C. Transport of
chylomicrons into the lacteals | D. Conversion of fatty acids into Acetyl-CoA
Correct: B
Mechanism Note: Bile salts act as detergents to emulsify fats, increasing the surface area for lipase enzymes to work.
CHEM 219 Module 8 - Page 4
Biochemistry: Carbohydrates, Lipids & Amino Acids
Portage Learning 2026/2027 | 500-Question Final Drill
CARBOHYDRATE STRUCTURE
Q1: Which of the following is a ketohexose?
A. Glucose | B. Galactose | C. Fructose | D. Ribose
Correct: C
Mechanism Note: Fructose is a 6-carbon sugar (hexose) containing a ketone functional group (ketohexose), whereas glucose and
galactose are aldohexoses.
DISACCHARIDES
Q2: Lactose is a disaccharide composed of which two monosaccharides, and what type
of linkage connects them?
A. Glucose + Glucose; alpha-1,4 | B. Glucose + Fructose; alpha-1,2 | C. Galactose + Glucose; beta-1,4 | D. Galactose +
Fructose; beta-1,2
Correct: C
Mechanism Note: Lactose consists of galactose and glucose joined by a beta-1,4-glycosidic bond.
LIPID METABOLISM
Q3: What is the primary function of Bile Salts in the digestion of lipids?
A. Enzymatic hydrolysis of triglycerides | B. Emulsification of large fat globules into micelles | C. Transport of
chylomicrons into the lacteals | D. Conversion of fatty acids into Acetyl-CoA
Correct: B
Mechanism Note: Bile salts act as detergents to emulsify fats, increasing the surface area for lipase enzymes to work.
AMINO ACIDS & ISOELECTRIC POINT
Q4: At a pH below its isoelectric point (pI), what will be the overall net charge of an
amino acid?
A. Negative | B. Positive | C. Neutral (Zwitterion) | D. No charge
Correct: B
Mechanism Note: When pH < pI, the solution is acidic (excess H+), causing the amino acid to become protonated and carry a net
positive charge.
METABOLIC PATHWAYS
Q5: Which process describes the breakdown of fatty acids into Acetyl-CoA units?
A. Glycolysis | B. Beta-Oxidation | C. Gluconeogenesis | D. Lipogenesis
Correct: B
Mechanism Note: Beta-oxidation is the catabolic process by which fatty acid molecules are broken down in the mitochondria to
generate Acetyl-CoA.
CHEM 219 Module 8 - Page 1
,CARBOHYDRATE STRUCTURE
Q6: Which of the following is a ketohexose?
A. Glucose | B. Galactose | C. Fructose | D. Ribose
Correct: C
Mechanism Note: Fructose is a 6-carbon sugar (hexose) containing a ketone functional group (ketohexose), whereas glucose and
galactose are aldohexoses.
DISACCHARIDES
Q7: Lactose is a disaccharide composed of which two monosaccharides, and what type
of linkage connects them?
A. Glucose + Glucose; alpha-1,4 | B. Glucose + Fructose; alpha-1,2 | C. Galactose + Glucose; beta-1,4 | D. Galactose +
Fructose; beta-1,2
Correct: C
Mechanism Note: Lactose consists of galactose and glucose joined by a beta-1,4-glycosidic bond.
LIPID METABOLISM
Q8: What is the primary function of Bile Salts in the digestion of lipids?
A. Enzymatic hydrolysis of triglycerides | B. Emulsification of large fat globules into micelles | C. Transport of
chylomicrons into the lacteals | D. Conversion of fatty acids into Acetyl-CoA
Correct: B
Mechanism Note: Bile salts act as detergents to emulsify fats, increasing the surface area for lipase enzymes to work.
AMINO ACIDS & ISOELECTRIC POINT
Q9: At a pH below its isoelectric point (pI), what will be the overall net charge of an
amino acid?
A. Negative | B. Positive | C. Neutral (Zwitterion) | D. No charge
Correct: B
Mechanism Note: When pH < pI, the solution is acidic (excess H+), causing the amino acid to become protonated and carry a net
positive charge.
METABOLIC PATHWAYS
Q10: Which process describes the breakdown of fatty acids into Acetyl-CoA units?
A. Glycolysis | B. Beta-Oxidation | C. Gluconeogenesis | D. Lipogenesis
Correct: B
Mechanism Note: Beta-oxidation is the catabolic process by which fatty acid molecules are broken down in the mitochondria to
generate Acetyl-CoA.
CARBOHYDRATE STRUCTURE
Q11: Which of the following is a ketohexose?
A. Glucose | B. Galactose | C. Fructose | D. Ribose
Correct: C
Mechanism Note: Fructose is a 6-carbon sugar (hexose) containing a ketone functional group (ketohexose), whereas glucose and
galactose are aldohexoses.
CHEM 219 Module 8 - Page 2
,DISACCHARIDES
Q12: Lactose is a disaccharide composed of which two monosaccharides, and what type
of linkage connects them?
A. Glucose + Glucose; alpha-1,4 | B. Glucose + Fructose; alpha-1,2 | C. Galactose + Glucose; beta-1,4 | D. Galactose +
Fructose; beta-1,2
Correct: C
Mechanism Note: Lactose consists of galactose and glucose joined by a beta-1,4-glycosidic bond.
LIPID METABOLISM
Q13: What is the primary function of Bile Salts in the digestion of lipids?
A. Enzymatic hydrolysis of triglycerides | B. Emulsification of large fat globules into micelles | C. Transport of
chylomicrons into the lacteals | D. Conversion of fatty acids into Acetyl-CoA
Correct: B
Mechanism Note: Bile salts act as detergents to emulsify fats, increasing the surface area for lipase enzymes to work.
AMINO ACIDS & ISOELECTRIC POINT
Q14: At a pH below its isoelectric point (pI), what will be the overall net charge of an
amino acid?
A. Negative | B. Positive | C. Neutral (Zwitterion) | D. No charge
Correct: B
Mechanism Note: When pH < pI, the solution is acidic (excess H+), causing the amino acid to become protonated and carry a net
positive charge.
METABOLIC PATHWAYS
Q15: Which process describes the breakdown of fatty acids into Acetyl-CoA units?
A. Glycolysis | B. Beta-Oxidation | C. Gluconeogenesis | D. Lipogenesis
Correct: B
Mechanism Note: Beta-oxidation is the catabolic process by which fatty acid molecules are broken down in the mitochondria to
generate Acetyl-CoA.
CARBOHYDRATE STRUCTURE
Q16: Which of the following is a ketohexose?
A. Glucose | B. Galactose | C. Fructose | D. Ribose
Correct: C
Mechanism Note: Fructose is a 6-carbon sugar (hexose) containing a ketone functional group (ketohexose), whereas glucose and
galactose are aldohexoses.
DISACCHARIDES
Q17: Lactose is a disaccharide composed of which two monosaccharides, and what type
of linkage connects them?
A. Glucose + Glucose; alpha-1,4 | B. Glucose + Fructose; alpha-1,2 | C. Galactose + Glucose; beta-1,4 | D. Galactose +
Fructose; beta-1,2
Correct: C
Mechanism Note: Lactose consists of galactose and glucose joined by a beta-1,4-glycosidic bond.
CHEM 219 Module 8 - Page 3
, LIPID METABOLISM
Q18: What is the primary function of Bile Salts in the digestion of lipids?
A. Enzymatic hydrolysis of triglycerides | B. Emulsification of large fat globules into micelles | C. Transport of
chylomicrons into the lacteals | D. Conversion of fatty acids into Acetyl-CoA
Correct: B
Mechanism Note: Bile salts act as detergents to emulsify fats, increasing the surface area for lipase enzymes to work.
AMINO ACIDS & ISOELECTRIC POINT
Q19: At a pH below its isoelectric point (pI), what will be the overall net charge of an
amino acid?
A. Negative | B. Positive | C. Neutral (Zwitterion) | D. No charge
Correct: B
Mechanism Note: When pH < pI, the solution is acidic (excess H+), causing the amino acid to become protonated and carry a net
positive charge.
METABOLIC PATHWAYS
Q20: Which process describes the breakdown of fatty acids into Acetyl-CoA units?
A. Glycolysis | B. Beta-Oxidation | C. Gluconeogenesis | D. Lipogenesis
Correct: B
Mechanism Note: Beta-oxidation is the catabolic process by which fatty acid molecules are broken down in the mitochondria to
generate Acetyl-CoA.
CARBOHYDRATE STRUCTURE
Q21: Which of the following is a ketohexose?
A. Glucose | B. Galactose | C. Fructose | D. Ribose
Correct: C
Mechanism Note: Fructose is a 6-carbon sugar (hexose) containing a ketone functional group (ketohexose), whereas glucose and
galactose are aldohexoses.
DISACCHARIDES
Q22: Lactose is a disaccharide composed of which two monosaccharides, and what type
of linkage connects them?
A. Glucose + Glucose; alpha-1,4 | B. Glucose + Fructose; alpha-1,2 | C. Galactose + Glucose; beta-1,4 | D. Galactose +
Fructose; beta-1,2
Correct: C
Mechanism Note: Lactose consists of galactose and glucose joined by a beta-1,4-glycosidic bond.
LIPID METABOLISM
Q23: What is the primary function of Bile Salts in the digestion of lipids?
A. Enzymatic hydrolysis of triglycerides | B. Emulsification of large fat globules into micelles | C. Transport of
chylomicrons into the lacteals | D. Conversion of fatty acids into Acetyl-CoA
Correct: B
Mechanism Note: Bile salts act as detergents to emulsify fats, increasing the surface area for lipase enzymes to work.
CHEM 219 Module 8 - Page 4
