NR 293 FINAL REVIEW IMPORTANT SET | COMPREHENSIVE PHARMACOLOGY
STUDY GUIDE, PRACTICE QUESTIONS & ANSWERS 2026/2027
Dobutamine (Doubter) - correct answer ✔✔beta-1 selective vasoactive adrenergic drug
miscellaneous HF drug
increases cardiac output via increase contractility (positive inotropy)
increases stroke volume (esp. HF patients)
Heparin MOA - correct answer ✔✔prevents new clots and enlargement of existing
binds to antithrombin III
inactivating several main clotting factors
-activated factor II (thrombin)
-activated factor X
-activated factor IX
Warfarin (Coumadin) MOA - correct answer ✔✔prevents clot formation
inhibits vit. K synthesis by bacteria in GI tract
inhibits clotting factors (in liver)
-II
-VII
-IX
-X
antidote for heparin - correct answer ✔✔protamine sulfate
antidote for warfarin (coumadin) - correct answer ✔✔Vit K
lab values/monitoring for heparin - correct answer ✔✔aPTT (every 6 hrs. until therapeutic effect seen)
lab values/monitoring for warfarin (coumadin) - correct answer ✔✔prothrombin time/international
normalized ration (PT/INR)
normal INR (w/o drug) = 1
INR w/ drug = 2-3.5
Lower INR patients >65
Aspirin adverse effects - correct answer ✔✔drowsiness
,dizziness
confusion
flushing
nausea
vomiting
GI bleeding
thrombocytopenia
agranulocytosis
leukopenia
neutropenia
hemolytic anemia
bleeding
Warfarin (Coumadin) Herbal interactions - correct answer ✔✔dong quai
garlic
gingko
**increased INR = increased bleeding risk
St. Johns wart
**decreased effectiveness
Antiplatelets herbal interactions - correct answer ✔✔garlic
ginko
kava
**increased risk bleeding
Niacin (vit B3) MOA - correct answer ✔✔increase activity of lipase = breaks down lipids
reduces metabolism/catabolism cholesterol & triglycerides
inhibit lipolysis (adipose tissue)
decrease esterification triglycerides
release histamines = increases gastric motility/acid secretion
stimulate fibrinolytic system break down fibrin clots
Niacin (vit B3) indications - correct answer ✔✔lower triglycerides
lower total serum cholesterol
lower LDL levels
increase HDL levels
treat hyperlipidemia types:
-IIa
, -IIb
-III
-IV
-V
Niacin (Vit. B3) - Adverse effects - correct answer ✔✔abdominal discomfort
cutaneous flushing
pruritus
blurred vision
glucose intolerance
hepatotoxicity
Niacin (Vit B3) effects on triglyceride levels - correct answer ✔✔begin 1-4 days after therapy
max effects 3-5 weeks continuous therapy
Niacin (Vit B3) contraindications - correct answer ✔✔liver disease
peptic ulcer disease
active hemorrhagic process
lactating women
gout
Niacin (Vit B3) interactions - correct answer ✔✔HMG-CoA (statins) = increased likelihood myopathy
development
liver dysfunction observed in sustained-release form of - correct answer ✔✔niacin
extended-release forms niacin associated w/ - correct answer ✔✔less adverse effects (hepatoxicity &
flushing)
HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors (Statins) Adverse effects - correct answer ✔✔headache
dizziness
blurred vision
fatigue
insomnia
constipation
diarrhea
nausea
myalgias
skin rash
HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors (Statins) MOA - correct answer ✔✔lowers blood cholesterol levels via
decrease cholesterol production
inhibit enzyme responsible cholesterol production (liver)
liver increases number LDL recptors to recycle LDL from circulation back to liver
STUDY GUIDE, PRACTICE QUESTIONS & ANSWERS 2026/2027
Dobutamine (Doubter) - correct answer ✔✔beta-1 selective vasoactive adrenergic drug
miscellaneous HF drug
increases cardiac output via increase contractility (positive inotropy)
increases stroke volume (esp. HF patients)
Heparin MOA - correct answer ✔✔prevents new clots and enlargement of existing
binds to antithrombin III
inactivating several main clotting factors
-activated factor II (thrombin)
-activated factor X
-activated factor IX
Warfarin (Coumadin) MOA - correct answer ✔✔prevents clot formation
inhibits vit. K synthesis by bacteria in GI tract
inhibits clotting factors (in liver)
-II
-VII
-IX
-X
antidote for heparin - correct answer ✔✔protamine sulfate
antidote for warfarin (coumadin) - correct answer ✔✔Vit K
lab values/monitoring for heparin - correct answer ✔✔aPTT (every 6 hrs. until therapeutic effect seen)
lab values/monitoring for warfarin (coumadin) - correct answer ✔✔prothrombin time/international
normalized ration (PT/INR)
normal INR (w/o drug) = 1
INR w/ drug = 2-3.5
Lower INR patients >65
Aspirin adverse effects - correct answer ✔✔drowsiness
,dizziness
confusion
flushing
nausea
vomiting
GI bleeding
thrombocytopenia
agranulocytosis
leukopenia
neutropenia
hemolytic anemia
bleeding
Warfarin (Coumadin) Herbal interactions - correct answer ✔✔dong quai
garlic
gingko
**increased INR = increased bleeding risk
St. Johns wart
**decreased effectiveness
Antiplatelets herbal interactions - correct answer ✔✔garlic
ginko
kava
**increased risk bleeding
Niacin (vit B3) MOA - correct answer ✔✔increase activity of lipase = breaks down lipids
reduces metabolism/catabolism cholesterol & triglycerides
inhibit lipolysis (adipose tissue)
decrease esterification triglycerides
release histamines = increases gastric motility/acid secretion
stimulate fibrinolytic system break down fibrin clots
Niacin (vit B3) indications - correct answer ✔✔lower triglycerides
lower total serum cholesterol
lower LDL levels
increase HDL levels
treat hyperlipidemia types:
-IIa
, -IIb
-III
-IV
-V
Niacin (Vit. B3) - Adverse effects - correct answer ✔✔abdominal discomfort
cutaneous flushing
pruritus
blurred vision
glucose intolerance
hepatotoxicity
Niacin (Vit B3) effects on triglyceride levels - correct answer ✔✔begin 1-4 days after therapy
max effects 3-5 weeks continuous therapy
Niacin (Vit B3) contraindications - correct answer ✔✔liver disease
peptic ulcer disease
active hemorrhagic process
lactating women
gout
Niacin (Vit B3) interactions - correct answer ✔✔HMG-CoA (statins) = increased likelihood myopathy
development
liver dysfunction observed in sustained-release form of - correct answer ✔✔niacin
extended-release forms niacin associated w/ - correct answer ✔✔less adverse effects (hepatoxicity &
flushing)
HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors (Statins) Adverse effects - correct answer ✔✔headache
dizziness
blurred vision
fatigue
insomnia
constipation
diarrhea
nausea
myalgias
skin rash
HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors (Statins) MOA - correct answer ✔✔lowers blood cholesterol levels via
decrease cholesterol production
inhibit enzyme responsible cholesterol production (liver)
liver increases number LDL recptors to recycle LDL from circulation back to liver
