HURST Review: Endocrine, Exam Latest 2026 Updated
Questions and Verified 100% Solutions (2026/2027)
Grade: A+|Status: Guaranteed Pass
The nurse is monitoring the lab values of a client on long-term steroid therapy. Which values
would the nurse expect to be altered in the urine? (Select all that apply)
1. Protein
2. Glucose
3. Ketones
4. RBCs
5. Uric acid - Answers -2 & 3 (glucose and ketones) because steroids increase blood sugar from
insulin inhibition and steroids breakdown fats and proteins
1 (protein) would indicate kidney damage and 4 and 5 (RBCs & uric acid) have nothing to do
with steroids
Normal blood glucose - Answers -70-110 mg/dL
Type 1 Diabetes: Classification - Answers --little to no insulin
-usually diagnosed in childhood
-appears abruptly
Type 1 Diabetes: Causes - Answers --auto-immune response (Type 1A)
1|Page
,OR
-idopathic (Type 1B)
Type 1 Diabetes: First sign may be - Answers -DKA
Type 1 Diabetes: Classic 3 P's - Answers -1. polyuria
2. polydipsia
3. polyphagia
Type 1 Diabetes: Pathophysiology - Answers -you have to have insulin to carry glucose out of the
blood and into the cell...since there is no insulin, the glucose just builds up in the blood. The
blood becomes hypertonic and pulls fluid into the vascular space...the kidneys filter excess
glucose and fluids (polyuria & polydipsia)... the cells are starving so they start breaking down
protein and fat for energy (polyphagia)...when you break down fat you get ketones (acids)...
Now this client has metabolic acidosis.
Type 1 Diabetes: A client in DKA will have ________________ respirations - Answers -Kussmaul
Type 1 Diabetes: Signs/Symptoms - Answers --polyuria
-polyphagia
-polydipsia
2|Page
,Type 1 Diabetes: What should we think about first regarding polyuria? - Answers -shock
Type 1 Diabetes: The 3 P's indicate - Answers -hyperglycemia
Type 1 Diabetes: Will oral hyperglycemic agents work for this client? Why or why not? - Answers
-no; they have to have insulin
Type 2 Diabetes: These clients don't have enough __________, or ______________________ -
Answers -insulin; the insulin they have is no good
Type 2 Diabetes: These clients are usually - Answers -overweight
Type 2 Diabetes: These client's can't - Answers -make enough insulin to keep up with the carb
(glucose) load the client is taking in
Type 2 Diabetes: This type is NOT ____________________ as type 1 - Answers -as abrupt
3|Page
, Type 2 Diabetes: It's usually found _____________________ or - Answers -by accident; the
client keeps coming back to the primary healthcare provider for things like a wound the won't
heal, repeated vaginal infections, etc.
Type 2 Diabetes: These clients should be evaluated for - Answers -metabolic syndrome
(Syndrome X)
Type 2 Diabetes: We don't usually see ______________________ with this type - Answers -
metabolic acidosis
Type 2 Diabetes: Features of Metabolic acidosis - Answers -1. Waist circumference >40 in for
males & >35 for females
2. Triglycerides >150 mg/dL
3. HDL <40 mg/dL for males & <50 mg/dL for females
4. BP >130/85
5. FBS >100 mg/dL
Type 2 Diabetes: To dx metabolic syndrome, clients must have - Answers -3 or more of the
features of metabolic syndrome
Type 2 Diabetes: Metabolic syndrome is known to - Answers -increase the risk for developing
type 2 DM and cardiovascular disease
4|Page
Questions and Verified 100% Solutions (2026/2027)
Grade: A+|Status: Guaranteed Pass
The nurse is monitoring the lab values of a client on long-term steroid therapy. Which values
would the nurse expect to be altered in the urine? (Select all that apply)
1. Protein
2. Glucose
3. Ketones
4. RBCs
5. Uric acid - Answers -2 & 3 (glucose and ketones) because steroids increase blood sugar from
insulin inhibition and steroids breakdown fats and proteins
1 (protein) would indicate kidney damage and 4 and 5 (RBCs & uric acid) have nothing to do
with steroids
Normal blood glucose - Answers -70-110 mg/dL
Type 1 Diabetes: Classification - Answers --little to no insulin
-usually diagnosed in childhood
-appears abruptly
Type 1 Diabetes: Causes - Answers --auto-immune response (Type 1A)
1|Page
,OR
-idopathic (Type 1B)
Type 1 Diabetes: First sign may be - Answers -DKA
Type 1 Diabetes: Classic 3 P's - Answers -1. polyuria
2. polydipsia
3. polyphagia
Type 1 Diabetes: Pathophysiology - Answers -you have to have insulin to carry glucose out of the
blood and into the cell...since there is no insulin, the glucose just builds up in the blood. The
blood becomes hypertonic and pulls fluid into the vascular space...the kidneys filter excess
glucose and fluids (polyuria & polydipsia)... the cells are starving so they start breaking down
protein and fat for energy (polyphagia)...when you break down fat you get ketones (acids)...
Now this client has metabolic acidosis.
Type 1 Diabetes: A client in DKA will have ________________ respirations - Answers -Kussmaul
Type 1 Diabetes: Signs/Symptoms - Answers --polyuria
-polyphagia
-polydipsia
2|Page
,Type 1 Diabetes: What should we think about first regarding polyuria? - Answers -shock
Type 1 Diabetes: The 3 P's indicate - Answers -hyperglycemia
Type 1 Diabetes: Will oral hyperglycemic agents work for this client? Why or why not? - Answers
-no; they have to have insulin
Type 2 Diabetes: These clients don't have enough __________, or ______________________ -
Answers -insulin; the insulin they have is no good
Type 2 Diabetes: These clients are usually - Answers -overweight
Type 2 Diabetes: These client's can't - Answers -make enough insulin to keep up with the carb
(glucose) load the client is taking in
Type 2 Diabetes: This type is NOT ____________________ as type 1 - Answers -as abrupt
3|Page
, Type 2 Diabetes: It's usually found _____________________ or - Answers -by accident; the
client keeps coming back to the primary healthcare provider for things like a wound the won't
heal, repeated vaginal infections, etc.
Type 2 Diabetes: These clients should be evaluated for - Answers -metabolic syndrome
(Syndrome X)
Type 2 Diabetes: We don't usually see ______________________ with this type - Answers -
metabolic acidosis
Type 2 Diabetes: Features of Metabolic acidosis - Answers -1. Waist circumference >40 in for
males & >35 for females
2. Triglycerides >150 mg/dL
3. HDL <40 mg/dL for males & <50 mg/dL for females
4. BP >130/85
5. FBS >100 mg/dL
Type 2 Diabetes: To dx metabolic syndrome, clients must have - Answers -3 or more of the
features of metabolic syndrome
Type 2 Diabetes: Metabolic syndrome is known to - Answers -increase the risk for developing
type 2 DM and cardiovascular disease
4|Page
