Page 2 of 343
Bontrager’s Textbook of Radiographic Positioning and Related Anatomy, 9th Edition
Lampignano, Kendrick
Table of Contents:
Chapter 1. Terminology, Imaging and Positioning Principles
Chapter 2. Chest
Chapter 3. Abdomen
Chapter 4. Upper Limb
Chapter 5. Humerus and Shoulder Girdle
Chapter 6. Lower Limb
Chapter 7. Femur and Pelvic Girdle
Chapter 8. Cervical and Thoracic Spine
Chapter 9. Lumbar Spine, Sacrum, and Coccyx
Chapter 10. Bony Thorax — Sternum and Ribs
Chapter 11. Cranium, Facial Bones, and Paranasal Sinuses
Chapter 12. Biliary Tract and Upper Gastrointestinal System
Chapter 13. Lower Gastrointestinal System
Chapter 14. Urinary System and Venipuncture
Chapter 15. Trauma, Mobile, and Surgical Radiography
Chapter 16. Pediatric Radiography
Chapter 17. Angiography and Interventional Procedures
Chapter 18. Computed Tomography
Chapter 19. Special Radiographic Procedures
Chapter 20. Diagnostic and Therapeutic Modalities
, Page 3 of 343
Chapter 01: Terminology, Positioning, and Imaging Principles
Lampignano: Bontrager’s Textbook of Radiographic Positioning and Related
Anatomy, 9th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. What type of tissue binds together and supports the various structures of the body?
a. Epithelial
b. Connective
c. Muscular
d. Nervous
ANS: B REF: 3
2. The lowest level of structural organization in the human body is the level.
a. molecular
b. cellular
c. chemical
d. atomic
ANS: C REF: 3
3. What type of tissue covers internal and external surfaces of the body?
a. Muscular
b. Connective
c. Nervous
d. Epithelial
ANS: D REF: 3
4. How many individual body systems comprise the human body?
a. 22
b. 13
c. 10
d. 8
ANS: C REF: 3
5. How many separate bones are found in the adult human body?
a. 181
b. 215
c. 206
d. 236
ANS: C REF: 4
6. Which system of the human body is responsible for the elimination of solid waste?
a. Circulatory
b. Respiratory
c. Urinary
d. Digestive
, Page 15 of 343
c. edge loss.
d. margin distortion.
ANS: B REF: 44
76. A radiograph of the abdomen demonstrates involuntary motion caused by bowel peristalsis
(involuntary contractions). Which of the following factors will best eliminate this problem
during the repeat exposure?
a. Decrease SID.
b. Turn patient into prone position rather than supine.
c. Use higher kV.
d. Decrease exposure time.
ANS: D REF: 45
77. Which of the following changes will improve spatial resolution?
a. Decrease SID.
b. Decrease OID.
c. Decrease kV.
d. None of the above will improve spatial resolution.
ANS: B REF: 44
78. Increasing the SID to 48 inches (123 cm) from 40 inches (102 cm) and adjusting the mAs
accordingly will:
a. increase penumbra.
b. along with the use of a small focal spot, decrease penumbra.
c. decrease patient skin dose buR
N t inI creaG
se iB
nt.
erC
nal M
dose because of an increase in
scatter radiation.
d. have no effect on image sharpness or on patient dose.
ANS: B REF: 46-47
79. Each digital image is two dimensional and is formed by a matrix of:
a. bytes.
b. algorithms.
c. voxels.
d. pixels.
ANS: D REF: 49-50
80. Highly complex mathematical formulas applied during digital processing of the image are
termed:
a. pixels.
b. algorithms.
c. digital filters.
d. matrices.
ANS: B REF: 49
81. The intensity of light that represents the individual pixels in the digital image on the monitor
is the definition for:
a. contrast.
Bontrager’s Textbook of Radiographic Positioning and Related Anatomy, 9th Edition
Lampignano, Kendrick
Table of Contents:
Chapter 1. Terminology, Imaging and Positioning Principles
Chapter 2. Chest
Chapter 3. Abdomen
Chapter 4. Upper Limb
Chapter 5. Humerus and Shoulder Girdle
Chapter 6. Lower Limb
Chapter 7. Femur and Pelvic Girdle
Chapter 8. Cervical and Thoracic Spine
Chapter 9. Lumbar Spine, Sacrum, and Coccyx
Chapter 10. Bony Thorax — Sternum and Ribs
Chapter 11. Cranium, Facial Bones, and Paranasal Sinuses
Chapter 12. Biliary Tract and Upper Gastrointestinal System
Chapter 13. Lower Gastrointestinal System
Chapter 14. Urinary System and Venipuncture
Chapter 15. Trauma, Mobile, and Surgical Radiography
Chapter 16. Pediatric Radiography
Chapter 17. Angiography and Interventional Procedures
Chapter 18. Computed Tomography
Chapter 19. Special Radiographic Procedures
Chapter 20. Diagnostic and Therapeutic Modalities
, Page 3 of 343
Chapter 01: Terminology, Positioning, and Imaging Principles
Lampignano: Bontrager’s Textbook of Radiographic Positioning and Related
Anatomy, 9th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. What type of tissue binds together and supports the various structures of the body?
a. Epithelial
b. Connective
c. Muscular
d. Nervous
ANS: B REF: 3
2. The lowest level of structural organization in the human body is the level.
a. molecular
b. cellular
c. chemical
d. atomic
ANS: C REF: 3
3. What type of tissue covers internal and external surfaces of the body?
a. Muscular
b. Connective
c. Nervous
d. Epithelial
ANS: D REF: 3
4. How many individual body systems comprise the human body?
a. 22
b. 13
c. 10
d. 8
ANS: C REF: 3
5. How many separate bones are found in the adult human body?
a. 181
b. 215
c. 206
d. 236
ANS: C REF: 4
6. Which system of the human body is responsible for the elimination of solid waste?
a. Circulatory
b. Respiratory
c. Urinary
d. Digestive
, Page 15 of 343
c. edge loss.
d. margin distortion.
ANS: B REF: 44
76. A radiograph of the abdomen demonstrates involuntary motion caused by bowel peristalsis
(involuntary contractions). Which of the following factors will best eliminate this problem
during the repeat exposure?
a. Decrease SID.
b. Turn patient into prone position rather than supine.
c. Use higher kV.
d. Decrease exposure time.
ANS: D REF: 45
77. Which of the following changes will improve spatial resolution?
a. Decrease SID.
b. Decrease OID.
c. Decrease kV.
d. None of the above will improve spatial resolution.
ANS: B REF: 44
78. Increasing the SID to 48 inches (123 cm) from 40 inches (102 cm) and adjusting the mAs
accordingly will:
a. increase penumbra.
b. along with the use of a small focal spot, decrease penumbra.
c. decrease patient skin dose buR
N t inI creaG
se iB
nt.
erC
nal M
dose because of an increase in
scatter radiation.
d. have no effect on image sharpness or on patient dose.
ANS: B REF: 46-47
79. Each digital image is two dimensional and is formed by a matrix of:
a. bytes.
b. algorithms.
c. voxels.
d. pixels.
ANS: D REF: 49-50
80. Highly complex mathematical formulas applied during digital processing of the image are
termed:
a. pixels.
b. algorithms.
c. digital filters.
d. matrices.
ANS: B REF: 49
81. The intensity of light that represents the individual pixels in the digital image on the monitor
is the definition for:
a. contrast.
