NUR 641E final|COMPLETE FREQUENTLY
MOST TESTED QUESTIONS WITH
VERIFIED ANSWERS/ALREADY GREADED
A+ |GET IT 100% ACCURATE!!
Pharmacokinetics involves - ANSWER-a: Absorption: absorption from the
administration site either directly or indirectly into the blood/plasma.
b: Distribution: reversibly or irreversibly move from the bloodstream into the
interstitial and intracellular fluid.
c: Metabolism: biotransformed via hepatic metabolism or by other tissues.
d: Elimination: the drug and its metabolites are eliminated from the body
The route of administration with the highest bioavailability is - ANSWER-
Intravenous, putting an entire dose into a patient's vein and bypassing absorption
Intravenous route avoids - ANSWER-First-pass metabolism in the liver
Rectal administration has - ANSWER-variable and erratic absorption
,Steady State (SS) is usually reached within - ANSWER-4-5 half-lives of a drug
Half-life of a drug is - ANSWER-How long it takes for the drug to be excreted from
the body
- determines how frequently the drug must be administered
- predicts how long toxic effects can last
First-order (linear) pharmacokinetics means - ANSWER-The metabolism is directly
proportional to the free concentration of the drug
Zero-order (nonlinear) pharmacokinetics means - ANSWER-A drug is metabolized
at a constant rate per unit time
CYP3A4 substrate drugs may have a decreased activity if - ANSWER-Any CYP3A4
inducer drugs are used along with it
Drug development process involves these steps according to the FDA - ANSWER-a:
Discovery: laboratory research to develop the new drugs
b: Preclinical research with animal testing for safety
c: Clinical research on healthy human subjects to assess medication
pharmacokinetics (Phase 1)
,d: Clinical research in humans primarily for medication safety, usually in a
population for which the treatment is intended (Phase 2)
e: Clinical research in humans comparing the new drug to accept medications or
placebo for efficacy and safety (Phase 3)
f: FDA review of the results to determine approval
g: Post marketing study to identify adverse effects not found in earlier clinical
studies (Phase 4)
Medication safety organizations include the Food and Drug Administration (FDA),
the Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP), and the Joint Commission on
Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO) - ANSWER-a: The Institute for
Safe Medication Practices (ISMP)
b: The Institute of Medicine (IOM)
c: The Joint Commission
d: The National Coordinating Counsil for Medication Error Reporting and
Prevention (NCC MERP)
e: Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Safe Use Initiative
, Two basic types of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) - ANSWER-Pharmacological and
Idiosyncratic
Percent of adverse drug reactions that are pharmacological - ANSWER-85%-90%
Adverse drug reactions are usually - ANSWER-Preventable, frequently occur in a
hospital or nursing home setting, and include medication errors, adverse drug
effects, and allergic and idiosyncratic type reactions
Are adverse drug reactions commonly reported - ANSWER-No, ADRs are not
commonly reported, the FDA does not mandate that ADRs be reported
Polypharmacy - ANSWER-Involves using multiple health care providers for care,
using multiple medications, and using several pharmacies for prescription filling
Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) - ANSWER-Lisinopril, Captopril,
Enalapril, Ramipril, Benazepril, Fosinopril
How ACEI reduce blood pressure - ANSWER-ACEI reduce blood pressure by
suppressing the release of angiotensin-converting enzyme
Important side effects of ACEI include - ANSWER-Cough and angioedema,
discontinue the ACEI if angioedema occur
MOST TESTED QUESTIONS WITH
VERIFIED ANSWERS/ALREADY GREADED
A+ |GET IT 100% ACCURATE!!
Pharmacokinetics involves - ANSWER-a: Absorption: absorption from the
administration site either directly or indirectly into the blood/plasma.
b: Distribution: reversibly or irreversibly move from the bloodstream into the
interstitial and intracellular fluid.
c: Metabolism: biotransformed via hepatic metabolism or by other tissues.
d: Elimination: the drug and its metabolites are eliminated from the body
The route of administration with the highest bioavailability is - ANSWER-
Intravenous, putting an entire dose into a patient's vein and bypassing absorption
Intravenous route avoids - ANSWER-First-pass metabolism in the liver
Rectal administration has - ANSWER-variable and erratic absorption
,Steady State (SS) is usually reached within - ANSWER-4-5 half-lives of a drug
Half-life of a drug is - ANSWER-How long it takes for the drug to be excreted from
the body
- determines how frequently the drug must be administered
- predicts how long toxic effects can last
First-order (linear) pharmacokinetics means - ANSWER-The metabolism is directly
proportional to the free concentration of the drug
Zero-order (nonlinear) pharmacokinetics means - ANSWER-A drug is metabolized
at a constant rate per unit time
CYP3A4 substrate drugs may have a decreased activity if - ANSWER-Any CYP3A4
inducer drugs are used along with it
Drug development process involves these steps according to the FDA - ANSWER-a:
Discovery: laboratory research to develop the new drugs
b: Preclinical research with animal testing for safety
c: Clinical research on healthy human subjects to assess medication
pharmacokinetics (Phase 1)
,d: Clinical research in humans primarily for medication safety, usually in a
population for which the treatment is intended (Phase 2)
e: Clinical research in humans comparing the new drug to accept medications or
placebo for efficacy and safety (Phase 3)
f: FDA review of the results to determine approval
g: Post marketing study to identify adverse effects not found in earlier clinical
studies (Phase 4)
Medication safety organizations include the Food and Drug Administration (FDA),
the Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP), and the Joint Commission on
Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO) - ANSWER-a: The Institute for
Safe Medication Practices (ISMP)
b: The Institute of Medicine (IOM)
c: The Joint Commission
d: The National Coordinating Counsil for Medication Error Reporting and
Prevention (NCC MERP)
e: Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Safe Use Initiative
, Two basic types of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) - ANSWER-Pharmacological and
Idiosyncratic
Percent of adverse drug reactions that are pharmacological - ANSWER-85%-90%
Adverse drug reactions are usually - ANSWER-Preventable, frequently occur in a
hospital or nursing home setting, and include medication errors, adverse drug
effects, and allergic and idiosyncratic type reactions
Are adverse drug reactions commonly reported - ANSWER-No, ADRs are not
commonly reported, the FDA does not mandate that ADRs be reported
Polypharmacy - ANSWER-Involves using multiple health care providers for care,
using multiple medications, and using several pharmacies for prescription filling
Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) - ANSWER-Lisinopril, Captopril,
Enalapril, Ramipril, Benazepril, Fosinopril
How ACEI reduce blood pressure - ANSWER-ACEI reduce blood pressure by
suppressing the release of angiotensin-converting enzyme
Important side effects of ACEI include - ANSWER-Cough and angioedema,
discontinue the ACEI if angioedema occur
