Advanced Care Paramedic Review
Course and Answers.
What is perfusion? - Answer The ability of the cardiovascular system to pump oxygenated
blood to the tissues and return deoxygenated blood to the lungs.
What is hypoperfusion? - Answer Inadequacy of cellular gas exchange
What is oxygenation? - Answer The process of loading oxygen molecules onto hemoglobin
molecules in the bloodstream
What is anaerobic metabolism? - Answer The creation of energy through the breakdown of
carbohydrates in the absence of oxygen.
Red blood cells (erythrocytes) - Answer Transport oxygen by attaching to hemgroups. Created
in the bone marrow and released into the blood stream.
What is the lifecycle of a red blood cell? - Answer 120 days- macrophages break the red blood
cell down.
Blood circulation - Answer blood leaves the heart via the left ventricle into the aorta and onto
the body through the artery, arterioles then capillary beds, venules and then veins to the
superior and inferior vena cava and into the right atrium, right ventricle out the pulmonary
artery to the lungs and back into the left atrium, then left ventricle and back out the aorta to
the body.
Oxygen association - Answer Haemoglobin in red blood cells carry oxygen. Loading of oxygen
in lungs at high partial pressure of oxygen. Unloads oxygen to respiratory tissue at low partial
pressure of oxygen. Unloading occurs due to high carbon dioxide concentration.
Oxygen dissociation - Answer The separation or release of oxygen from the RBCs to the tissues
Oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve - Answer Graph that describes the relationship of
partial pressure to the binding and disassociation of oxygen to and from heme.
- higher Hb- O2 affinity (left shift). Lower CO2, higher pH and lower temperature. (Alkalotic)
- reduced Hb-O2 affinity (right shift). Higher CO2, lower pH and higher temperature. (Acidic)
Arteries - Answer carries oxygenated blood away from the heart
Course and Answers.
What is perfusion? - Answer The ability of the cardiovascular system to pump oxygenated
blood to the tissues and return deoxygenated blood to the lungs.
What is hypoperfusion? - Answer Inadequacy of cellular gas exchange
What is oxygenation? - Answer The process of loading oxygen molecules onto hemoglobin
molecules in the bloodstream
What is anaerobic metabolism? - Answer The creation of energy through the breakdown of
carbohydrates in the absence of oxygen.
Red blood cells (erythrocytes) - Answer Transport oxygen by attaching to hemgroups. Created
in the bone marrow and released into the blood stream.
What is the lifecycle of a red blood cell? - Answer 120 days- macrophages break the red blood
cell down.
Blood circulation - Answer blood leaves the heart via the left ventricle into the aorta and onto
the body through the artery, arterioles then capillary beds, venules and then veins to the
superior and inferior vena cava and into the right atrium, right ventricle out the pulmonary
artery to the lungs and back into the left atrium, then left ventricle and back out the aorta to
the body.
Oxygen association - Answer Haemoglobin in red blood cells carry oxygen. Loading of oxygen
in lungs at high partial pressure of oxygen. Unloads oxygen to respiratory tissue at low partial
pressure of oxygen. Unloading occurs due to high carbon dioxide concentration.
Oxygen dissociation - Answer The separation or release of oxygen from the RBCs to the tissues
Oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve - Answer Graph that describes the relationship of
partial pressure to the binding and disassociation of oxygen to and from heme.
- higher Hb- O2 affinity (left shift). Lower CO2, higher pH and lower temperature. (Alkalotic)
- reduced Hb-O2 affinity (right shift). Higher CO2, lower pH and higher temperature. (Acidic)
Arteries - Answer carries oxygenated blood away from the heart
