West Coast EMT Block 2 Exam 2026/2027 – 150+ Questions & Answers | Anatomy, Patient Assessment, Airway, Oxygen, Pharmacology, Shock, CPR, Respiratory & Cardiac Emergencies

This comprehensive West Coast EMT Block 2 Exam 2026/2027 study guide contains 150+ exam-style questions with answers across 36 pages, providing extensive review of core Emergency Medical Technician concepts. The document covers medical terminology, anatomy and physiology, lifespan development, patient assessment, vital signs, airway and oxygenation, respiratory physiology, EMT pharmacology, shock and perfusion, bleeding control, CPR and basic life support, infectious diseases, medical patient assessment, respiratory emergencies, cardiovascular emergencies, AED use, and 12-lead ECG preparation. Questions combine definitions with realistic patient scenarios, helping students practice recognizing clinical findings and selecting appropriate prehospital actions. The opening section concentrates on medical terminology, anatomical directions, and patient positioning. Students review distal and proximal injuries, bilateral findings, medial and lateral relationships, anterior and posterior anatomy, inferior and superior structures, abduction, prone and Fowler positions, plantar anatomy, hemostasis, hepatomegaly, pericardiocentesis, supraventricular tachycardia, polydipsia, hyperemesis gravidarum, and unilateral chest expansion. This terminology establishes a foundation for accurately describing patient findings and injuries during EMT assessment and documentation. The anatomy and physiology questions cover the brainstem, central nervous system, sympathetic nervous system, skeletal and cardiac muscle, axial skeleton, carpal bones, hinge joints, spinal structures, myocardium, capillaries, pulmonary veins, endocrine glands, leukocytes, and retroperitoneal organs. Respiratory anatomy includes bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, dead space, diffusion across the alveolar membrane, and the phrenic nerve, while cardiovascular physiology includes the sinoatrial node, circulation, cardiac anatomy, and oxygenated versus deoxygenated blood flow. A dedicated section addresses lifespan development and age-related physiology. The material reviews pediatric airway differences, including the proportionately larger infant tongue, the large occiput and flexible trachea, separation anxiety, infant developmental behaviors, pediatric pulse rates, preconventional reasoning, adolescent peer pressure, and psychosocial development. Students also review changes associated with aging, including decreased lung elasticity, declining renal clearance and fluid conservation, nervous-system changes, cardiovascular health concerns, and factors influencing vital signs in older adults. The guide provides substantial preparation in patient assessment and vital signs. Questions cover Glasgow Coma Scale scoring, blood-pressure cuff sizing, short-term memory, rapid body examinations, spinal stabilization, capnography, cyanosis, pulse assessment, adult bradycardia and tachycardia, oxygen saturation, systematic head-to-toe assessment, mass-casualty triage, reassessment, palpated blood pressure, symptoms versus signs, medical history, and assessment of airway patency. The document emphasizes repeating the primary assessment as the first step during reassessment. The airway, breathing, and oxygenation material examines airway obstruction, hypoxic drive, hypercarbia, minute volume, hypoxia, oxygen cylinders, oxygen flowmeters, nasal cannulas, nonrebreathing masks, surfactant, apneic oxygenation, Cheyne-Stokes respirations, oxygen toxicity, upper and lower airway anatomy, and respiratory innervation. The study guide states a goal oxygen saturation of 94% to 99% for most patients, identifies approximately 2,000 psi in a full oxygen cylinder, and reviews removing a cylinder from service for refill when pressure falls below 500 psi. Students also review practical oxygen-delivery calculations and equipment characteristics. According to the document, a nasal cannula operating at 6 L/min can deliver approximately 44% oxygen, while a well-sealed nonrebreathing mask supplied at 15 L/min can deliver up to approximately 90% inspired oxygen. Additional questions address the Bourdon-gauge flowmeter, supplemental oxygen for suspected hypoxia, adequate breathing, and gas exchange at the alveolar level. The EMT pharmacology section covers agonist and antagonist activity, absorption, medication forms, routes of administration, peer-assisted medication administration, generic versus trade names, oral glucose, transcutaneous medications, parenteral versus enteral administration, metered-dose inhalers, and epinephrine auto-injectors. Specific medications represented include aspirin, nitroglycerin, oral glucose, epinephrine, albuterol, atorvastatin, and amlodipine, with questions examining indications, actions, administration considerations, and recognition of a patient's medical history from prescribed medications. A major section focuses on shock, perfusion, and hemorrhage. Students review hypoperfusion, neurogenic shock, cardiogenic shock, distributive shock, septic shock, anaphylactic shock, obstructive shock, hypovolemic and hemorrhagic shock, compensated versus decompensated shock, cardiac tamponade, tension pneumothorax, burns, plasma loss, capillary sphincters, and the body's compensatory redistribution of blood. Scenario-based questions require recognition of findings such as absent radial pulses, dilated pupils, hypotension, tachycardia, hot moist skin, wheezing, and uncontrolled bleeding. Bleeding control is reinforced through emergency scenarios. One question presents a patient with a rapidly bleeding wrist laceration that continues despite a blood-soaked towel and identifies application of a tourniquet proximal to the wrist as the answer. The material also connects hemorrhage to shock and distinguishes causes of obstructive, distributive, cardiogenic, and hypovolemic shock. The CPR and Basic Life Support portion reviews adult, child, and infant resuscitation. Topics include recognition of cardiopulmonary arrest, recovery positioning, chest-compression complications, gastric distention, CPR retraining, compression rates and depths, adult and pediatric compression-to-ventilation ratios, infant pulse checks, severe foreign-body airway obstruction, AED use, jaw-thrust airway opening, and chest thrusts for patients in advanced pregnancy or with significant obesity. The guide specifies 100–120 compressions per minute for adult CPR, a 30:2 ratio for two-rescuer adult CPR, and 15:2 for two-rescuer child CPR. The document provides focused preparation in infectious diseases and standard precautions. Questions cover meningitis, MRSA risk factors, hepatitis B and C, tuberculosis transmission, pertussis prevention, infectious-disease definitions, recent travel history, standard precautions, and typical complaints such as fever, rash, nausea, and breathing difficulty. Students also review the concept of an index of suspicion and differences between medical and trauma patient assessment. The respiratory emergencies section addresses asthma, pleural effusion, hyperventilation syndrome, alkalosis, dyspnea, stridor, abnormal or adventitious breath sounds, pulmonary gas exchange, respiratory rate and depth, hypoxia, and pulse oximetry. Asthma questions cover expiratory wheezing and checking whether a patient has a prescribed beta-agonist inhaler after supplemental oxygen, while albuterol trade names presented include Proventil, Ventolin, and Volmax. Students also practice interpreting respiratory assessment findings. The guide distinguishes stridor as a harsh, high-pitched inspiratory sound, expiratory wheezing associated with acute asthma, and adventitious sounds as abnormal breath sounds. It also reviews pulse oximetry as measuring the percentage of hemoglobin saturated with oxygen rather than the patient's actual hemoglobin concentration. The final section concentrates on cardiovascular emergencies and cardiac assessment. Topics include dissecting aortic aneurysm, angina pectoris, acute myocardial infarction, atherosclerosis, cardiogenic shock, coronary circulation, right-sided heart failure, dependent edema, nitroglycerin, aspirin, cardiac conduction, AED operation, pulmonary veins, iliac and femoral arteries, and documenting chest discomfort using the patient's own words. Practical cardiac-care questions include drying a wet chest before applying an AED, understanding the AED's role in prompt defibrillation of ventricular fibrillation, recognizing the sinoatrial node as the normal origin of the heart's electrical impulse, and positioning the LL and RL electrodes on the thighs or ankles when preparing to obtain a 12-lead ECG. The guide also states that nitroglycerin usually relieves anginal chest pain within five minutes and identifies aspirin as a medication used to help prevent blood clots from forming or enlarging. Relevant Students This document is particularly relevant for West Coast EMT students, EMT Block 2 students, Emergency Medical Technician candidates, EMT-B students, EMS students, prehospital emergency care students, emergency medical services trainees, first responder students, BLS students, EMT certification candidates, paramedic-preparation students, and learners reviewing foundational emergency medicine. It is especially useful for students seeking scenario-based preparation in anatomy, patient assessment, airway management, oxygen therapy, pharmacology, shock, bleeding control, CPR, infectious diseases, respiratory emergencies, and cardiovascular emergencies. 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