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DHN 311- EXAM 3 2026 ACTUAL
QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED
ANSWERS.
What is oxidative phosphorylation? - ANSWER-A process that
uses electrons from NADH and FADH2 to produce ATP through
a proton gradient.
What do NAD+ and FAD represent? - ANSWER-The oxidized
forms of NADH and FADH2.
What is the main function of the proton gradient in oxidative
phosphorylation? - ANSWER-To power ATP synthase for ATP
production.
From which pathway are NADH and FADH2 primarily derived?
- ANSWER-Citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle).
Why does NADH generate more ATP than FADH2? -
ANSWER-Because NADH enters the electron transport chain
via Complex I, undergoing an extra redox reaction.
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How do protons move through ATP synthase? - ANSWER-From
a high concentration to a low concentration, harnessing energy
to generate ATP.
How is ATP exported from the mitochondria to the cytosol? -
ANSWER-Through the ATP/ADP translocase.
How does one glucose molecule yield approximately 38 ATP? -
ANSWER-Through glycolysis, pyruvate conversion, and the
Krebs cycle, totaling 38 ATP.
Where do NADH+H and FADH2 enter the electron transport
chain? - ANSWER-NADH+H enters at Complex I and FADH2 at
Complex II.
What is the role of the Krebs cycle in oxidative
phosphorylation? - ANSWER-It produces NADH and FADH2,
which are used in oxidative phosphorylation to generate ATP.
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What is gluconeogenesis? - ANSWER-The process of
synthesizing glucose from non-carbohydrate sources.
Where does gluconeogenesis primarily take place? - ANSWER-
In the liver and kidneys.
What is the Cori cycle? - ANSWER-The process where lactate
from muscle is converted to glucose in the liver.
What is the substrate and product of the reaction catalyzed by
pyruvate carboxylase? - ANSWER-Substrate: pyruvate;
Product: oxaloacetate.
What is the substrate and product of the reaction catalyzed by
PEPCK? - ANSWER-Substrate: oxaloacetate; Product: PEP.
What activates pyruvate carboxylase in the mitochondria? -
ANSWER-Increased levels of acetyl-CoA.
DHN 311- EXAM 3 2026 ACTUAL
QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED
ANSWERS.
What is oxidative phosphorylation? - ANSWER-A process that
uses electrons from NADH and FADH2 to produce ATP through
a proton gradient.
What do NAD+ and FAD represent? - ANSWER-The oxidized
forms of NADH and FADH2.
What is the main function of the proton gradient in oxidative
phosphorylation? - ANSWER-To power ATP synthase for ATP
production.
From which pathway are NADH and FADH2 primarily derived?
- ANSWER-Citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle).
Why does NADH generate more ATP than FADH2? -
ANSWER-Because NADH enters the electron transport chain
via Complex I, undergoing an extra redox reaction.
,2 | Page
How do protons move through ATP synthase? - ANSWER-From
a high concentration to a low concentration, harnessing energy
to generate ATP.
How is ATP exported from the mitochondria to the cytosol? -
ANSWER-Through the ATP/ADP translocase.
How does one glucose molecule yield approximately 38 ATP? -
ANSWER-Through glycolysis, pyruvate conversion, and the
Krebs cycle, totaling 38 ATP.
Where do NADH+H and FADH2 enter the electron transport
chain? - ANSWER-NADH+H enters at Complex I and FADH2 at
Complex II.
What is the role of the Krebs cycle in oxidative
phosphorylation? - ANSWER-It produces NADH and FADH2,
which are used in oxidative phosphorylation to generate ATP.
, 3 | Page
What is gluconeogenesis? - ANSWER-The process of
synthesizing glucose from non-carbohydrate sources.
Where does gluconeogenesis primarily take place? - ANSWER-
In the liver and kidneys.
What is the Cori cycle? - ANSWER-The process where lactate
from muscle is converted to glucose in the liver.
What is the substrate and product of the reaction catalyzed by
pyruvate carboxylase? - ANSWER-Substrate: pyruvate;
Product: oxaloacetate.
What is the substrate and product of the reaction catalyzed by
PEPCK? - ANSWER-Substrate: oxaloacetate; Product: PEP.
What activates pyruvate carboxylase in the mitochondria? -
ANSWER-Increased levels of acetyl-CoA.
