BIO 183 FINAL EXAM | COMPREHENSIVE BIOLOGY STUDY GUIDE, PRACTICE
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS 2026/2027
The digestive enzyme pepsin works in the acidic environment of the stomach to hydrolyze peptide
bonds. Pepsin affects which macromolecule? - correct answer ✔✔protein
The evolutionary process that produced chloroplasts and mitochondria - correct answer
✔✔endosymbiosis
Microfilaments such as actin, microtubules, and the intermediate filaments form the cell-supporting
structure called the - correct answer ✔✔cytoskeleton
This cellular structure lacks a membrane - correct answer ✔✔nucleoid
Why is ATP so important to metabolism? - correct answer ✔✔the phosphate groups of ATP are held
together by unstable bonds that can be broken to release energy
mitochondria and chloroplasts are the other organelles besides the nucleus that contain - correct answer
✔✔DNA
The eukaryotic organelle that is directly involved in the transport of proteins synthesized on the surface
of the rough endoplasmic reticulum is called the - correct answer ✔✔Golgi body/apparatus
plant cells often have a large membrane bound sac that is used for storing water and other substances,
this structure is a - correct answer ✔✔central vacuole
the lipid layer that forms the foundation of cell membranes is primarily composed of - correct answer
✔✔phospholipids
the chemistry of living systems representing all chemical reactions is called - correct answer
✔✔metabolism
oxidation and reduction reactions are chemical processes that result in a gain or loss of - correct answer
✔✔electrons
the energy needed to destabilize existing chemical bonds and start a chemical reaction is - correct
answer ✔✔activation energy
the amount of energy available to do work is called - correct answer ✔✔free energy
How are the tails and heads of membrane phospholipids oriented in their environments - correct answer
✔✔the hydrophobic tails are oriented toward each other and they hydrophilic heads are oriented
toward the extracellular fluid and the intracellular fluid
in bacteria, fungi, and plants, the high internal pressure generated by osmosis is counteracted by the
mechanical strength of their - correct answer ✔✔cell walls
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS 2026/2027
The digestive enzyme pepsin works in the acidic environment of the stomach to hydrolyze peptide
bonds. Pepsin affects which macromolecule? - correct answer ✔✔protein
The evolutionary process that produced chloroplasts and mitochondria - correct answer
✔✔endosymbiosis
Microfilaments such as actin, microtubules, and the intermediate filaments form the cell-supporting
structure called the - correct answer ✔✔cytoskeleton
This cellular structure lacks a membrane - correct answer ✔✔nucleoid
Why is ATP so important to metabolism? - correct answer ✔✔the phosphate groups of ATP are held
together by unstable bonds that can be broken to release energy
mitochondria and chloroplasts are the other organelles besides the nucleus that contain - correct answer
✔✔DNA
The eukaryotic organelle that is directly involved in the transport of proteins synthesized on the surface
of the rough endoplasmic reticulum is called the - correct answer ✔✔Golgi body/apparatus
plant cells often have a large membrane bound sac that is used for storing water and other substances,
this structure is a - correct answer ✔✔central vacuole
the lipid layer that forms the foundation of cell membranes is primarily composed of - correct answer
✔✔phospholipids
the chemistry of living systems representing all chemical reactions is called - correct answer
✔✔metabolism
oxidation and reduction reactions are chemical processes that result in a gain or loss of - correct answer
✔✔electrons
the energy needed to destabilize existing chemical bonds and start a chemical reaction is - correct
answer ✔✔activation energy
the amount of energy available to do work is called - correct answer ✔✔free energy
How are the tails and heads of membrane phospholipids oriented in their environments - correct answer
✔✔the hydrophobic tails are oriented toward each other and they hydrophilic heads are oriented
toward the extracellular fluid and the intracellular fluid
in bacteria, fungi, and plants, the high internal pressure generated by osmosis is counteracted by the
mechanical strength of their - correct answer ✔✔cell walls
