Pharmacology WGU D441 Exam
Questions and Answers
anticonvulsants - ANSWER-hydantoins & barbiturates
•use contraceptives
•urine discoloration is common
•may increase blood sugar
•avoid alcohol
•admin IV slowly
•avoid mixing drugs in syringe
antiparkinsonian agents - ANSWER-anticholinergics & dopaminergic agents
•give after meals
•harmless dark urine and sweat
•avoid vitamin B6
•change positions slowly
•elevate legs to reduce edema
sedatives, hypnotics, anxiolytics - ANSWER-benzodiazepines & barbiturates
•prone to falls and injuries
•confusion or excitement is common after waking
•DO NOT discontinue abruptly
•avoid alcohol
•don't shake or mix with other drugs
•associated with cleft lip
mood disorder drugs - ANSWER-tricyclic antidepressant, MAOI, second-generation
antidepressant
•rise slowly
•take with food
•may take several weeks for full response
•assess for constipation
•avoid tyramine
•withhold fluoxetine if rash occurs
antipsychotic - ANSWER-phenothiazines & others (olanzapine/haloperidol)
, •signs of EPS and NMS
•symptoms may not normalize for weeks
•orthostatic hypotension
•photosensitivity
•ensure doses are taken and not hoarded
analgesics - ANSWER-narcotic & non-narcotic
•respiratory depression
•hypotension
•injury precaution
•possibility for dependency (DO NOT discontinue abruptly)
•take with foods
•monitor for bleeding
•monitor for signs of ototoxicity
•NO aspirin in under 18 years
rapid-acting insulin - ANSWER-humalog/lispro, novolog/aspart, apidra/glulisine
•covers insulin needs for meals rated at time of injection
•used with longer-acting insulin
onset: ~15-30 minutes
peak: ~30-90 minutes
duration: ~3-5 hours (apidra 1-2.5hrs)
short-acting insulin - ANSWER-regular humulin/novolon & velosulin
•covers insulin needs for meals eating w/in 30-60 minutes
•velosulin used in pump
onset: 30 min - 1 hr
peak: ~2-5 hours
duration: 5-8hrs (regular) or 2-3hrs (velosulin)
intermediate-acting insulin - ANSWER-nph & lente
•covers insulin needs for about 1/2 day or overnight
•often used w/ rapid or short-acting
onset: 1-2 hours
peak: 4-12 hours (nph) or 3-10 (lente)
duration: 18-24 hours
long-acting insulin - ANSWER-ultralente, lantus, levemir/detemir
Questions and Answers
anticonvulsants - ANSWER-hydantoins & barbiturates
•use contraceptives
•urine discoloration is common
•may increase blood sugar
•avoid alcohol
•admin IV slowly
•avoid mixing drugs in syringe
antiparkinsonian agents - ANSWER-anticholinergics & dopaminergic agents
•give after meals
•harmless dark urine and sweat
•avoid vitamin B6
•change positions slowly
•elevate legs to reduce edema
sedatives, hypnotics, anxiolytics - ANSWER-benzodiazepines & barbiturates
•prone to falls and injuries
•confusion or excitement is common after waking
•DO NOT discontinue abruptly
•avoid alcohol
•don't shake or mix with other drugs
•associated with cleft lip
mood disorder drugs - ANSWER-tricyclic antidepressant, MAOI, second-generation
antidepressant
•rise slowly
•take with food
•may take several weeks for full response
•assess for constipation
•avoid tyramine
•withhold fluoxetine if rash occurs
antipsychotic - ANSWER-phenothiazines & others (olanzapine/haloperidol)
, •signs of EPS and NMS
•symptoms may not normalize for weeks
•orthostatic hypotension
•photosensitivity
•ensure doses are taken and not hoarded
analgesics - ANSWER-narcotic & non-narcotic
•respiratory depression
•hypotension
•injury precaution
•possibility for dependency (DO NOT discontinue abruptly)
•take with foods
•monitor for bleeding
•monitor for signs of ototoxicity
•NO aspirin in under 18 years
rapid-acting insulin - ANSWER-humalog/lispro, novolog/aspart, apidra/glulisine
•covers insulin needs for meals rated at time of injection
•used with longer-acting insulin
onset: ~15-30 minutes
peak: ~30-90 minutes
duration: ~3-5 hours (apidra 1-2.5hrs)
short-acting insulin - ANSWER-regular humulin/novolon & velosulin
•covers insulin needs for meals eating w/in 30-60 minutes
•velosulin used in pump
onset: 30 min - 1 hr
peak: ~2-5 hours
duration: 5-8hrs (regular) or 2-3hrs (velosulin)
intermediate-acting insulin - ANSWER-nph & lente
•covers insulin needs for about 1/2 day or overnight
•often used w/ rapid or short-acting
onset: 1-2 hours
peak: 4-12 hours (nph) or 3-10 (lente)
duration: 18-24 hours
long-acting insulin - ANSWER-ultralente, lantus, levemir/detemir
