Pharmacology OA WGU D441 Exam
Questions and Answers
drug cycle - ANS-absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion
absorption - ANS-medication absorbed in GI mucosa.
what effects absorption rate - ANS-fat, pH, concentration of medication, length of
contact, age, food, depth of breathing
distribution - ANS-medication transported via circulatory system to point of action
metabolism - ANS-medication metabolized by liver
excretion - ANS-drug removed from body so they don't build up
US pharmacopia - ANS-created in 1820, where first listed drug standards
controlled substance act of 1970 - ANS-required hospitals to register with DEA
NCC MERP A - ANS-no error, capacity to cause error
NCC MERP B - ANS-error that didn't reach the patient
NCC MERP C - ANS-error that reached patient but unlikely to cause harm
NCC MERP D - ANS-error that reached the patient, could have necessitated monitoring
and/or intervention to preclude harm
NCC MERP E - ANS-error that could have caused temporary harm
NCC MERP F - ANS-error that could have caused temporary harm requiring initial,
prolonged hospitalization
NCC MERP G - ANS-error that could have resulted in permanent harm
NCC MERP H - ANS-error that could have necessitated intervention to sustain life
NCC MERP I - ANS-error that could have resulted in death
FDA pregnancy risk A - ANS-lowest, studies have not shown a risk to mother, fetus
, FDA pregnancy risk B - ANS-slight, animal studies haven't shown risk to fetus, human
studies have not
FDA pregnancy risk C - ANS-moderate, animal studies have shown risk to fetus,
controlled studies not performed on women
FDA pregnancy risk D - ANS-risky, studies shows drugs may harm fetus, may use if
another safer therapy is unavailable
FDA pregnancy risk X - ANS-highest, studies shown significant risk to mother, fetus
when is the fetus vulnerable to medication - ANS-first, third trimester
biologics - ANS-powerful medications that are developed from blood, proteins, viruses,
living organisms
investigational new drug - ANS-what the drug is called during the first three phases of
clinical trials
compassionate use of INDs - ANS-when the FDA allows some physicians to use the
drug on critically ill patients
brand, trade name - ANS-name given to a drug once it passes phase I-III of clinical
trials
when was the DEA established - ANS-1973
purpose of the DEA - ANS-enforce controlled substances laws, regulations for the US,
pertain to the manufacture, distribution, dispensing of legally produced controlled
substances
half-life - ANS-length of time required for its concentration to decrease by one-half in the
blood plasma, affects its duration of potency
idiosyncratic reaction - ANS-an unexpected reaction to a drug that is peculiar to the
individual
what should prescriptions have on them - ANS-name, address, number, DEA number of
the prescriber, name/address of patient, date of order, date of birth
what's on a manufacturers label - ANS-strength of the drug, form it comes in, quantity of
the medication, lot, NDC number, manufacturer name, storage information, expiration
date
Questions and Answers
drug cycle - ANS-absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion
absorption - ANS-medication absorbed in GI mucosa.
what effects absorption rate - ANS-fat, pH, concentration of medication, length of
contact, age, food, depth of breathing
distribution - ANS-medication transported via circulatory system to point of action
metabolism - ANS-medication metabolized by liver
excretion - ANS-drug removed from body so they don't build up
US pharmacopia - ANS-created in 1820, where first listed drug standards
controlled substance act of 1970 - ANS-required hospitals to register with DEA
NCC MERP A - ANS-no error, capacity to cause error
NCC MERP B - ANS-error that didn't reach the patient
NCC MERP C - ANS-error that reached patient but unlikely to cause harm
NCC MERP D - ANS-error that reached the patient, could have necessitated monitoring
and/or intervention to preclude harm
NCC MERP E - ANS-error that could have caused temporary harm
NCC MERP F - ANS-error that could have caused temporary harm requiring initial,
prolonged hospitalization
NCC MERP G - ANS-error that could have resulted in permanent harm
NCC MERP H - ANS-error that could have necessitated intervention to sustain life
NCC MERP I - ANS-error that could have resulted in death
FDA pregnancy risk A - ANS-lowest, studies have not shown a risk to mother, fetus
, FDA pregnancy risk B - ANS-slight, animal studies haven't shown risk to fetus, human
studies have not
FDA pregnancy risk C - ANS-moderate, animal studies have shown risk to fetus,
controlled studies not performed on women
FDA pregnancy risk D - ANS-risky, studies shows drugs may harm fetus, may use if
another safer therapy is unavailable
FDA pregnancy risk X - ANS-highest, studies shown significant risk to mother, fetus
when is the fetus vulnerable to medication - ANS-first, third trimester
biologics - ANS-powerful medications that are developed from blood, proteins, viruses,
living organisms
investigational new drug - ANS-what the drug is called during the first three phases of
clinical trials
compassionate use of INDs - ANS-when the FDA allows some physicians to use the
drug on critically ill patients
brand, trade name - ANS-name given to a drug once it passes phase I-III of clinical
trials
when was the DEA established - ANS-1973
purpose of the DEA - ANS-enforce controlled substances laws, regulations for the US,
pertain to the manufacture, distribution, dispensing of legally produced controlled
substances
half-life - ANS-length of time required for its concentration to decrease by one-half in the
blood plasma, affects its duration of potency
idiosyncratic reaction - ANS-an unexpected reaction to a drug that is peculiar to the
individual
what should prescriptions have on them - ANS-name, address, number, DEA number of
the prescriber, name/address of patient, date of order, date of birth
what's on a manufacturers label - ANS-strength of the drug, form it comes in, quantity of
the medication, lot, NDC number, manufacturer name, storage information, expiration
date
