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Cognitive perspective
- answer-A psychological approach that emphasizes mental processes in
perception, memory, language, problem solving, and other areas of behavior
Cognitive schema
- answer-an integrated mental network of knowledge, beliefs, and expectations
concerning a particular topic or aspect of the world
Cognitive theory
- answer-The study of the perception of reality and of the mental processes
required to understand the world in which we live.
Concept
- answer-a mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people
Conditioned response (CR)
- answer-in classical conditioning, the learned response to a previously neutral (but
now conditioned) stimulus (CS)
Conditioned stimulus (CS)
- answer-in classical conditioning, an originally irrelevant stimulus that, after
association with an unconditioned stimulus (US), comes to trigger a conditioned
response.
Conditioning
,- answer-a basic kind of learning that involves associations between environmental
stimuli and the organism's responses
Cones
- answer-involved in color vision
Confabulation
- answer-confusion of an event that happened to someone else with one that
happened to you, or a belief that you remember something when it never actually
happened
Confidence interval
- answer-the range of values within which a population parameter is estimated to
lie
Confirmation bias
- answer-the tendency to look for or pay attention only to information that confirms
one's own belief
Consolidation
- answer-a process by which the synaptic changes associated with recently stored
memories become more durable and stable- dory becomes more reliable
Consolidation
- answer-the process by which memories become stable in the brain
2 main neurotransmitters
- answer-GABA and glutamate
3 schools of psychology
- answer-structuralism, functionalism, behaviorism
,8 guidelines to critical thinking
- answer-1. Ask questions
2. Define your terms
3 examine the evidence
4. Analyze assumptions/biases
5. Avoid emotional reasoning
6. Dont oversimplify
7. Consider other interpretations
8. Tolerate uncertainty
Absolute threshold
- answer-the smallest quantity of physical energy that can be reliably detected by
an observer
Acetlycholine
- answer-a neurotransmitter that triggers muscle contraction and affects learning
and memory
Action potential
- answer-a brief change in electrical voltage that occurs between the inside and the
outside of an axon when a neuron is stimulated; it serves to produce an electrical
impulse
Activation-synthesis theory
- answer-dreaming results from the cortical synthesis and interpretation of neural
signals triggered by activity in the lower part of the brain
Adrenal hormones
- answer-Produced by the adrenal glands and involved in emotion and stress
Affect heuristic
, - answer-The tendency to consult one's emotions instead of estimating probabilities
objectively.
Algorithm
- answer-a problem-solving strategy guaranteed to produce a solution even if the
user does not know how it works
Amnesia
- answer-the partial or complete loss of memory for important personal information
Amygdala
- answer-arousal and regulation of emotion and the initial emotional response to
sensory information
Anabolic steroids
- answer-synthetic substances that are similar to the male hormone testosterone
Anorexia
- answer-lack or loss of appetite
Applied psychology
- answer-The study of psychological issues that have direct practical significance;
also, the application of psychological findings.
Approach goals
- answer-goals framed in terms of desired outcomes or experiences, such as
learning to scuba dive
Arithmetic mean
- answer-An average that is calculated by adding up a set of quantities and dividing
the sum by the total number of quantities in the set.