Hs
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ve
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,SAMAGRA SHIKSHA, KERALA SUB : ZOOLOGY
CLASS : XII
CHAPTER 1
HUMAN REPRODUCTION
MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
• In humans, sexes are separate. In male, testis produce sperm, and in female,
ovary produce egg.
• Humans exhibit sexual dimorphism.
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• External morphology is different in male and females.
• Male Testis Sperm
• Female Ovary Egg/Ova
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• Male reproductive system consists of a pair of testes, duct system, accessory
glands and penis.
• Testis produce male gamete (sperm) and male sex hormones called androgens.
• Testis are held outside the abdomen, in a pouch called the scrotum which keep
sli
optimum temperature 2 - 2.50C below the normal body temperature. It is necessary
for sperm production.
• Penis is an organ for sperm transfer.
Hs
• Testis is composed of highly coiled structures called seminiferous tubules in
which sperms are produced.
• Seminiferous tubules contain two types of cells: Male germ cells and Sertoli cells.
• Male germ cells help in sperm formation and Sertoli cells provide nutrition to
germ cells.
• Outside the seminiferous tubules are present the interstitial cells or leydig cells
which synthesise and secrete androgens
,SAMAGRA SHIKSHA, KERALA SUB : ZOOLOGY
CLASS : XII
Diagramatic View of Male Reproductive System
.in
ve
· The important glands are: Secretions are called seminal plasma:
1.Seminal Vesicle It is rich in fructose, calcium and some
2. Bulbourethral Gland enzyme.
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3. Prostate Gland
· The male accessory ducts are:
Seminiferous tubules rete testis vasa efferentia epididymis
Hs
vas deferens ejaculatory duct urethra urethral meatus.
SELF CHECK QUESTIONS
1. What are the functions of testes?
2. What is scrotal sac? Why is it located outside the abdominal cavity?
3. Write the functions of sertoli cells.
4. Name the accessory glands in male reproductive system.
5. Leydig cell produce hormones called ------------------
, SAMAGRA SHIKSHA, KERALA SUB : ZOOLOGY
CLASS : XII
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
.in
ve Female Reproductive System
Ovaries
sli
Ans: fallopian tubes (oviducts), Uterus, cervix, Vagina
Hs
• Ovary is almond shaped 3cm long, located close to the wall of pelvic cavity.
• Produce female gamete (ovum) and ovarian hormones: Estrogen and
Progesterone.
Oviducts (Fallopian Tube):
• Extends from each ovary to uterus.
• There are 3 parts in oviduct-
1) A funnel shaped infundibulum with finger-like projections at the edges called
fimbriae.
2) Ampulla- a wider part of oviduct.
sli
ve
.in
,SAMAGRA SHIKSHA, KERALA SUB : ZOOLOGY
CLASS : XII
CHAPTER 1
HUMAN REPRODUCTION
MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
• In humans, sexes are separate. In male, testis produce sperm, and in female,
ovary produce egg.
• Humans exhibit sexual dimorphism.
.in
• External morphology is different in male and females.
• Male Testis Sperm
• Female Ovary Egg/Ova
ve
• Male reproductive system consists of a pair of testes, duct system, accessory
glands and penis.
• Testis produce male gamete (sperm) and male sex hormones called androgens.
• Testis are held outside the abdomen, in a pouch called the scrotum which keep
sli
optimum temperature 2 - 2.50C below the normal body temperature. It is necessary
for sperm production.
• Penis is an organ for sperm transfer.
Hs
• Testis is composed of highly coiled structures called seminiferous tubules in
which sperms are produced.
• Seminiferous tubules contain two types of cells: Male germ cells and Sertoli cells.
• Male germ cells help in sperm formation and Sertoli cells provide nutrition to
germ cells.
• Outside the seminiferous tubules are present the interstitial cells or leydig cells
which synthesise and secrete androgens
,SAMAGRA SHIKSHA, KERALA SUB : ZOOLOGY
CLASS : XII
Diagramatic View of Male Reproductive System
.in
ve
· The important glands are: Secretions are called seminal plasma:
1.Seminal Vesicle It is rich in fructose, calcium and some
2. Bulbourethral Gland enzyme.
sli
3. Prostate Gland
· The male accessory ducts are:
Seminiferous tubules rete testis vasa efferentia epididymis
Hs
vas deferens ejaculatory duct urethra urethral meatus.
SELF CHECK QUESTIONS
1. What are the functions of testes?
2. What is scrotal sac? Why is it located outside the abdominal cavity?
3. Write the functions of sertoli cells.
4. Name the accessory glands in male reproductive system.
5. Leydig cell produce hormones called ------------------
, SAMAGRA SHIKSHA, KERALA SUB : ZOOLOGY
CLASS : XII
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
.in
ve Female Reproductive System
Ovaries
sli
Ans: fallopian tubes (oviducts), Uterus, cervix, Vagina
Hs
• Ovary is almond shaped 3cm long, located close to the wall of pelvic cavity.
• Produce female gamete (ovum) and ovarian hormones: Estrogen and
Progesterone.
Oviducts (Fallopian Tube):
• Extends from each ovary to uterus.
• There are 3 parts in oviduct-
1) A funnel shaped infundibulum with finger-like projections at the edges called
fimbriae.
2) Ampulla- a wider part of oviduct.
