ESS 101 EXAM PREP TEST BANK VERIFIED
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
●● mechanical weathering
Answer: development of joints, crystal growth(salts), frost-
wedging/freeze-thaw, heat (spalling and thermal expansion/contraction),
bioturbation (root penetration and enlarging joint fractures in rock)
●● chemical weathering
Answer: carbonation, hydrolisis, oxidation, dissolution
●● weathering effects on rocks
Answer: concentration of stable minerals, weathering rinds, spheroidal
weathering
●● weathering factors
Answer: climate, organisms, relief, parent material, time
●● soil formation
Answer: eluviation (removal), illuviation (accumulation), translocation
(movement of material through soil profile), transformation (chemical
alteration of minerals within soil profile in situ)
, ●● factors of soil formation
Answer: climate, organisms, relief, parent material, time (CLORTP)
●● SOIL
Answer: O: loose organic matter
A: Inorganic matter w/humus; constantly cycling; topsoil
E: eluviated horizon, little/no organic matter
B: zone of illuviation containing materials from zone of accumulation
(E)
C: weathered parent material, little to no organic matter
●● wk
Answer: w: accumulation of iron oxide
k: calcium carbonate
●● sedimentary rock formation
Answer: accumulation, compaction, cementation
●● cementing agents
Answer: Silica, Fe-oxide, Calcite, Clays, and Tar
●● clastic sedimentary rocks
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
●● mechanical weathering
Answer: development of joints, crystal growth(salts), frost-
wedging/freeze-thaw, heat (spalling and thermal expansion/contraction),
bioturbation (root penetration and enlarging joint fractures in rock)
●● chemical weathering
Answer: carbonation, hydrolisis, oxidation, dissolution
●● weathering effects on rocks
Answer: concentration of stable minerals, weathering rinds, spheroidal
weathering
●● weathering factors
Answer: climate, organisms, relief, parent material, time
●● soil formation
Answer: eluviation (removal), illuviation (accumulation), translocation
(movement of material through soil profile), transformation (chemical
alteration of minerals within soil profile in situ)
, ●● factors of soil formation
Answer: climate, organisms, relief, parent material, time (CLORTP)
●● SOIL
Answer: O: loose organic matter
A: Inorganic matter w/humus; constantly cycling; topsoil
E: eluviated horizon, little/no organic matter
B: zone of illuviation containing materials from zone of accumulation
(E)
C: weathered parent material, little to no organic matter
●● wk
Answer: w: accumulation of iron oxide
k: calcium carbonate
●● sedimentary rock formation
Answer: accumulation, compaction, cementation
●● cementing agents
Answer: Silica, Fe-oxide, Calcite, Clays, and Tar
●● clastic sedimentary rocks