NR 565 Advanced Pharmacology Final 2026 | Comprehensive Practice Questions, Answers & Detailed Rationales | NR565 Exam Prep

NR 565 x




Advanced Pharmacology Final Exam Study Guide |
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Practice Questions, Answers & Detailed Rationales |
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2026 x




Resource Features x




➢ NR 565 Final practice questions
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➢ Answers for self-assessment
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➢ Detailed rationales
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➢ Advanced pharmacology review
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➢ Patient-education questions x




➢ Safe-prescribing concepts x




➢ Exam-focused review x

, NR 565 Advanced Pharmacology Final Exam Study
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Guide | Practice Questions, Answers & Detailed
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Rationales | 2026
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Question 1 x




A client with type 2 diabetes mellitus asks the nurse about target blood
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glucose goals. Which response is most accurate?
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a. Fasting blood glucose of 100-150 mg/dL, post-meal of 200 mg/dL, A1C
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under 8%
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b. Fasting blood glucose of 80-130 mg/dL, post-meal of 180 mg/dL or less,
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A1C under 7%
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c. Fasting blood glucose of 70-100 mg/dL, post-meal of 160 mg/dL, A1C
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under 6%
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d. Fasting blood glucose of 90-140 mg/dL, post-meal of 200 mg/dL, A1C
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under 7.5%
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Answer: b. Fasting blood glucose of 80-130 mg/dL, post-meal of 180
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x mg/dL or less, A1C under 7% x x x x x




Rationale: The American Diabetes Association recommends glycemic goals
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of 80-130 mg/dL before meals, less than 180 mg/dL 1-2 hours after meals,
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and an A1C below 7%. These goals balance glycemic control with the risk of
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hypoglycemia. Long-term goals focus on preventing complications such as
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nephropathy, neuropathy, and retinopathy.
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,Question 2 x




The nurse is teaching a client with type 2 diabetes about preventing diabetic
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nephropathy. Which medication class should the nurse anticipate the
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healthcare provider prescribing?
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a. Beta-blockers
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b. ACE inhibitors
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c. Calcium channel blockers
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d. Thiazide diuretics
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Answer: b. ACE inhibitors x x x




Rationale: ACE inhibitors (such as lisinopril) and ARBs (such as losartan) are
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preferred for preventing diabetic nephropathy because they reduce
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intraglomerular pressure and have renoprotective effects beyond blood
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pressure reduction. These medications slow the progression of kidney
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disease in diabetic clients. ARBs may be used if the client cannot tolerate ACE
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inhibitors.
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Question 3 x




A client newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes asks the nurse about initial
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treatment. According to the ADA stepped care approach, which intervention
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should the nurse identify as first-line therapy?
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a. Insulin therapy alone
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b. Lifestyle changes plus metformin
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, c. Metformin plus a GLP-1 agonist
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d. Sulfonylurea therapy alone
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Answer: b. Lifestyle changes plus metformin
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Rationale: The ADA stepped care approach recommends lifestyle
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modifications (diet and exercise) plus metformin as first-line therapy for type
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2 diabetes. Metformin is the preferred initial pharmacological agent due to
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its efficacy, safety, low hypoglycemia risk, and favorable effects on weight.
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Additional medications are added based on individual client characteristics
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and response to therapy.
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Question 4 x




The nurse is caring for a client prescribed metformin for type 2 diabetes. The
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client reports gastrointestinal upset. Which instruction should the nurse
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provide?
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a. Take the medication on an empty stomach
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b. Take the medication with meals
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c. Discontinue the medication immediately
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d. Take the medication at bedtime only
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Answer: b. Take the medication with meals
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Rationale: Metformin commonly causes gastrointestinal side effects
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including nausea, diarrhea, and abdominal discomfort. Taking the
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medication with meals helps reduce these symptoms. The dose should be
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