NUSCTX 10 PRACTICE TEST FOR MID-TERM 1 EXAM
2026 LATEST UPDATE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
VERIFIED ANSWERS ALREADY GRADED A+
The dietary approach to stop hypertension (DASH) - ANS-The dietary approaches to stop
hypertension (DASH)
•Diet ↑ in fruits and vegetables, includes low-fat dairy, lean meat, fish, poultry
•Reduces Hypertension and LDL cholesterol
Sodium & Hypertension - ANS-•↑ BP → ↑ risk of CVD, stroke, kidney disease
• Systolic: pressure when heart contracts•Diastolic: pressure between contractions
• Optimal: <120/80 mm Hg•Hypertension: >140/90 mm Hg
•↓ BP: exercise, weight loss, ↓ alcohol, ↓ sodium intake, ↑ potassium, ↑
Fruit/Veg/W.grain, DASH diet
Exercise-Associated Hyponatraemia(EAH) - ANS-Water intake too high over short period of
time resulting in sodium levels that become life-threateningly low, causing cells to swell. That
includes brain cells leading to loss of consciousness, seizures and even coma and death.
The luman of the gastrointestinal tract faces the outside of the body - ANS-Accessory organs
include:Salivary glands, liver, pancreas, gallbladder.
It not only transforms food in to biologically usable macromolecules but also:
- Protects against infection
- Protects against toxins
- Alters peripheral metabolic responses
- Alters feeding behavior
,Other functions of the intestinal epithelia aside from nutrient absorption - ANS-- Barrier and
immune defense
-Fluid and electrolyte absorption
- Synthesis and secretion of several proteins (such as apolipoproteins)
- Production of bioactive peptides as hormones and neurotransmitters
hepatic portal circulation - ANS-carries blood from the stomach and intestines to the liver.
Nutrients absorbed directly into the blood reach the liver via the hepatic portal vein.
Phase of Digestion - ANS-Cephalic phase --> Gastric phase --> Intestinal phase
Cephalic (pregastric) Phase - ANS-Stimulus: Cognition, Sound, Appearance, Odor, Taste/tactile
Sweet - ANS-often indicates energy rich food
Salty - ANS-allows for regulating diet electrolyte balance
Sour - ANS-taste of acids
Bitter - ANS-natural toxins
Umami - ANS-taste of meat and cheese(amino acid glutamate)
salivary glans - ANS-Lubrication and initiation of starch breakdown
Gastric Phase - ANS-•Storage
, -Stomach holds food and controls its passage into the small intestine
•Digestion
-Stomach
--Chemical: Acid, enzymes, and signal molecules
--Mechanical
•Protection
-Stomach acid destroys many bacteria and other pathogens. Stomach protects itself with thick
mucus
gastric phase - ANS-•Stomach
-Hydrochloric acid
--Prepares protein for digestion
--Activates enzymes
-Pepsin
--Begins protein digestion
-Gastric lipase
-- Some fat digestion
-Gastrin (hormone)
-- Stimulates gastric secretion and movement
-Intrinsic factor -->Needed for absorption of vitamin B12
Cephalic reflexes - ANS-initiate gastric secretion
Gastrin - ANS-stimulates acid secretion directly on the parietal cells or indirectly through
histamine
Acid stimulates a short reflex secretion of - ANS-pepsinogen
2026 LATEST UPDATE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
VERIFIED ANSWERS ALREADY GRADED A+
The dietary approach to stop hypertension (DASH) - ANS-The dietary approaches to stop
hypertension (DASH)
•Diet ↑ in fruits and vegetables, includes low-fat dairy, lean meat, fish, poultry
•Reduces Hypertension and LDL cholesterol
Sodium & Hypertension - ANS-•↑ BP → ↑ risk of CVD, stroke, kidney disease
• Systolic: pressure when heart contracts•Diastolic: pressure between contractions
• Optimal: <120/80 mm Hg•Hypertension: >140/90 mm Hg
•↓ BP: exercise, weight loss, ↓ alcohol, ↓ sodium intake, ↑ potassium, ↑
Fruit/Veg/W.grain, DASH diet
Exercise-Associated Hyponatraemia(EAH) - ANS-Water intake too high over short period of
time resulting in sodium levels that become life-threateningly low, causing cells to swell. That
includes brain cells leading to loss of consciousness, seizures and even coma and death.
The luman of the gastrointestinal tract faces the outside of the body - ANS-Accessory organs
include:Salivary glands, liver, pancreas, gallbladder.
It not only transforms food in to biologically usable macromolecules but also:
- Protects against infection
- Protects against toxins
- Alters peripheral metabolic responses
- Alters feeding behavior
,Other functions of the intestinal epithelia aside from nutrient absorption - ANS-- Barrier and
immune defense
-Fluid and electrolyte absorption
- Synthesis and secretion of several proteins (such as apolipoproteins)
- Production of bioactive peptides as hormones and neurotransmitters
hepatic portal circulation - ANS-carries blood from the stomach and intestines to the liver.
Nutrients absorbed directly into the blood reach the liver via the hepatic portal vein.
Phase of Digestion - ANS-Cephalic phase --> Gastric phase --> Intestinal phase
Cephalic (pregastric) Phase - ANS-Stimulus: Cognition, Sound, Appearance, Odor, Taste/tactile
Sweet - ANS-often indicates energy rich food
Salty - ANS-allows for regulating diet electrolyte balance
Sour - ANS-taste of acids
Bitter - ANS-natural toxins
Umami - ANS-taste of meat and cheese(amino acid glutamate)
salivary glans - ANS-Lubrication and initiation of starch breakdown
Gastric Phase - ANS-•Storage
, -Stomach holds food and controls its passage into the small intestine
•Digestion
-Stomach
--Chemical: Acid, enzymes, and signal molecules
--Mechanical
•Protection
-Stomach acid destroys many bacteria and other pathogens. Stomach protects itself with thick
mucus
gastric phase - ANS-•Stomach
-Hydrochloric acid
--Prepares protein for digestion
--Activates enzymes
-Pepsin
--Begins protein digestion
-Gastric lipase
-- Some fat digestion
-Gastrin (hormone)
-- Stimulates gastric secretion and movement
-Intrinsic factor -->Needed for absorption of vitamin B12
Cephalic reflexes - ANS-initiate gastric secretion
Gastrin - ANS-stimulates acid secretion directly on the parietal cells or indirectly through
histamine
Acid stimulates a short reflex secretion of - ANS-pepsinogen
