MB ASCP CONNECT EXAM 2026 LATEST UPDATE
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS
ALREADY GRADED A+
Different physical states of the plasmid DNA CAN BE RESOLVED BY distinct _____ characteristcs
during gel electrophoresis - ANS-migration
What was the first indication of the episomal (plasmid) nature of the resistance factor? - ANS-
Multiple drug resistance in bacteria can be eliminated by treatment with acridine dyes
RTF or R factors - ANS-In resistant bacteria, plasmids carrying the genes for inactivation or
circumvention of antiobiotic action were called resistance factors.
Gene Expression - ANS-Inorder for DNA info to be utilized, it must be transcribed and then
translated into protein
Which RNA carries the info in DNA to hte ribosomes where it is translated into a protein? - ANS-
mRNA
Transcription - ANS-the copying of one strand of DNA into RNA by a process similar to that of
DNA replication
Transcription is catalyzed by what? - ANS-RNA Polymerase, mostly in interphase
RNA Pol. I and III - ANS-synthesize non-coding RNA
RNA Pol. II - ANS-responsible for synthesis of mRNA
,Transcription Initiation - ANS-RNA Pol. and its supporting accessory proteins assemble on DNA
at a specific site called the promoter.
Transcription Initiation- prokaryotes - ANS-a basal transcription complex comprised of the
large and small subunits of RNA polymerase and additional sigma factors assembles at the
start site.
Transcription initiation- eukaryotes - ANS-requires RNA polymerase and up ot 20 additional
factors for accurate initiation.
What works more slowly RNA polymerase or DNA polymerase? - ANS-RNA polymerase and w/
less fidelity. Unlike DNA synthesis, RNA synthesis does not require priming.
Alpha Phosphate - ANS-During RNA synthesis, the first ribonucleoside triphosphate retains all
of its phosphate groups as the RNA is polymerized in the 5' to 3' direciton. Subsequent
ribonucleoside triphosphates retain only the alpha phosphate, the one closest to the ribose
sugar.
Transcription Termination-Prokaryotes - ANS-1. some RNA synthesis is responsive to protein
products, such that high levels of a gene product induce termination of tis own synthesis.
2. Rho (a helicase enzyme) associates with RNA polymerase and inactivates the elongation
complex at a cytosine-rich termination site in the DNA. Rho-independent termination occurs
at G:C- rich regions , followed by A:T rich regions. The G:C bases are transcribed into RNA and
fold into a short doubles-stranded. hairpin, which slows the elongation complex.
Transcription Termination- Eukaryotes - ANS-1. mRNA synthesis proceeds along the DNA
template until polyadenylation signal (poly Asite) is encountered.
,2. At this point, the process of termination is activated. As the polymerase proceeds past the
polyA site, the nascent mRNA is released by an endonuclease assoc with the carboxy terminal
end of polII.
3. RNA synthesized beyond the site trails out of the polymerase and is bound by another
exonuclease that begins to degrade the RNA 5' to 3' toward the RNA pol.
Which polymerase has a termination signal that is a run of adenine residues? - ANS-POL III in
eukaryotes
Which RNA makes up 80 to 90% of the total cellular RNA - ANS-rRNA
rRNA - ANS-an importnat structural and funcitonal part of the ribosomes, cellular organelles
where proteins are synthesized
Eukaryotic r RNA is comprised of: - ANS-Small Subunit: 18S and 5.8S
Large Subunit: 28S
Monocistronic
Prokaryotic rRNA is composed of - ANS-Small Subunit: 16S
Large Subunit: 23S and 5S
sometimes polycistronic
Constitutive Transcription - ANS-Some messages are transcribed constantly and are relatively
abundant in the cell
Inducible transcription - ANS-transcribed only at certain times during the cell cycle or under
particular conditions
, Polyuridine or Polythymine residues - ANS-covalently attached to cellulose or sepharose
substrates are often used to specifically isolate mRNA in the lab.
mRNA processing - ANS-- 5' guanine cap. mRNA is blocked at the 5' terminus by a 5'5
pyrophosphate bridge to a methylated guanosine. Cap has a protective funciton and serves as a
recognition signal for the translational apparatus.
- 3' poly-A tail. Polyadenylate polymerase adds adenines ot the end of the transcript
- RNA splicing of exons = remove introns + "splice" together exons
Introns - ANS-long stretches of noncoding DNA sequences
heteronuclear RNA - ANS-Newly transcribed mRNA before splicing. not mature RNA
Introns are removed from hnRNA by - ANS-splicing
Exons - ANS-the remaining sequences that code for the protein product
Alternative splicing - ANS-modifies products of genes by alternate insertion of different exons
snRNA - ANS-functions in splicing in Eukaryotes, small nuclear RNA stays in the nucleus after its
transcription by RNA Pol I or III.
tRNA - ANS-Translation of information from nucleic acid to protein requires reading of the
mRNA by ribosomes, using adaptor molecules or tRNA
Poly A Polymerase is a template-independent RNA Polymerase and what does it do? - ANS-The
resulting poly-A tail is important for mRNA stability and translation into protein.
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS
ALREADY GRADED A+
Different physical states of the plasmid DNA CAN BE RESOLVED BY distinct _____ characteristcs
during gel electrophoresis - ANS-migration
What was the first indication of the episomal (plasmid) nature of the resistance factor? - ANS-
Multiple drug resistance in bacteria can be eliminated by treatment with acridine dyes
RTF or R factors - ANS-In resistant bacteria, plasmids carrying the genes for inactivation or
circumvention of antiobiotic action were called resistance factors.
Gene Expression - ANS-Inorder for DNA info to be utilized, it must be transcribed and then
translated into protein
Which RNA carries the info in DNA to hte ribosomes where it is translated into a protein? - ANS-
mRNA
Transcription - ANS-the copying of one strand of DNA into RNA by a process similar to that of
DNA replication
Transcription is catalyzed by what? - ANS-RNA Polymerase, mostly in interphase
RNA Pol. I and III - ANS-synthesize non-coding RNA
RNA Pol. II - ANS-responsible for synthesis of mRNA
,Transcription Initiation - ANS-RNA Pol. and its supporting accessory proteins assemble on DNA
at a specific site called the promoter.
Transcription Initiation- prokaryotes - ANS-a basal transcription complex comprised of the
large and small subunits of RNA polymerase and additional sigma factors assembles at the
start site.
Transcription initiation- eukaryotes - ANS-requires RNA polymerase and up ot 20 additional
factors for accurate initiation.
What works more slowly RNA polymerase or DNA polymerase? - ANS-RNA polymerase and w/
less fidelity. Unlike DNA synthesis, RNA synthesis does not require priming.
Alpha Phosphate - ANS-During RNA synthesis, the first ribonucleoside triphosphate retains all
of its phosphate groups as the RNA is polymerized in the 5' to 3' direciton. Subsequent
ribonucleoside triphosphates retain only the alpha phosphate, the one closest to the ribose
sugar.
Transcription Termination-Prokaryotes - ANS-1. some RNA synthesis is responsive to protein
products, such that high levels of a gene product induce termination of tis own synthesis.
2. Rho (a helicase enzyme) associates with RNA polymerase and inactivates the elongation
complex at a cytosine-rich termination site in the DNA. Rho-independent termination occurs
at G:C- rich regions , followed by A:T rich regions. The G:C bases are transcribed into RNA and
fold into a short doubles-stranded. hairpin, which slows the elongation complex.
Transcription Termination- Eukaryotes - ANS-1. mRNA synthesis proceeds along the DNA
template until polyadenylation signal (poly Asite) is encountered.
,2. At this point, the process of termination is activated. As the polymerase proceeds past the
polyA site, the nascent mRNA is released by an endonuclease assoc with the carboxy terminal
end of polII.
3. RNA synthesized beyond the site trails out of the polymerase and is bound by another
exonuclease that begins to degrade the RNA 5' to 3' toward the RNA pol.
Which polymerase has a termination signal that is a run of adenine residues? - ANS-POL III in
eukaryotes
Which RNA makes up 80 to 90% of the total cellular RNA - ANS-rRNA
rRNA - ANS-an importnat structural and funcitonal part of the ribosomes, cellular organelles
where proteins are synthesized
Eukaryotic r RNA is comprised of: - ANS-Small Subunit: 18S and 5.8S
Large Subunit: 28S
Monocistronic
Prokaryotic rRNA is composed of - ANS-Small Subunit: 16S
Large Subunit: 23S and 5S
sometimes polycistronic
Constitutive Transcription - ANS-Some messages are transcribed constantly and are relatively
abundant in the cell
Inducible transcription - ANS-transcribed only at certain times during the cell cycle or under
particular conditions
, Polyuridine or Polythymine residues - ANS-covalently attached to cellulose or sepharose
substrates are often used to specifically isolate mRNA in the lab.
mRNA processing - ANS-- 5' guanine cap. mRNA is blocked at the 5' terminus by a 5'5
pyrophosphate bridge to a methylated guanosine. Cap has a protective funciton and serves as a
recognition signal for the translational apparatus.
- 3' poly-A tail. Polyadenylate polymerase adds adenines ot the end of the transcript
- RNA splicing of exons = remove introns + "splice" together exons
Introns - ANS-long stretches of noncoding DNA sequences
heteronuclear RNA - ANS-Newly transcribed mRNA before splicing. not mature RNA
Introns are removed from hnRNA by - ANS-splicing
Exons - ANS-the remaining sequences that code for the protein product
Alternative splicing - ANS-modifies products of genes by alternate insertion of different exons
snRNA - ANS-functions in splicing in Eukaryotes, small nuclear RNA stays in the nucleus after its
transcription by RNA Pol I or III.
tRNA - ANS-Translation of information from nucleic acid to protein requires reading of the
mRNA by ribosomes, using adaptor molecules or tRNA
Poly A Polymerase is a template-independent RNA Polymerase and what does it do? - ANS-The
resulting poly-A tail is important for mRNA stability and translation into protein.
