NUR 529 Exam 2/ update Set Test
Questions And Revised Correct Answers
| Already Passed/get it 100% accurate!!
Systemic arterial pressure - ANSWER-is the main source of afterload on the left
heart, Left ventricle afterload is increased with narrowing (stenosis) of the aortic
valve
Stages of Hemostasis - ANSWER-Vessel Spasm, formation of the platelet plug,
blood coagulation (clot retraction, clot dissolution)
Vessel Spasm - ANSWER-First stage of hemostasis, constricts the vessel and
reduces blood flow. It is a transient event that usually lasts minutes or hours.
Formation of the platelet plug - ANSWER-Second stage of hemostasis, 1. platelets
are attracted to damaged vessel wall. 2. activation by sub-endothelial tissue. 3.
change from smooth disks to spiny spheres. 4. exposing glycoprotein receptors on
their surfaces. This step requires a protein molecule called von Willebrand factor
that leaks into the injured tissue from the plasma. (adhesion, activation,
aggregation)
During Hemostasis, platelets change from ..... - ANSWER-Smooth disks to spiny
spheres
,von Willebrand factor - ANSWER-Formation of the platelet plug requires a protein
molecule called (helps platelets stick together)
Glycoprotein Receptors - ANSWER-Exposed during the formation of the platelet
plug when platelets change from smooth disks to spiny spheres
1.Blood coagulation or development of an insoluble fibrin clot - ANSWER-Third
step of hemostasis: stabilization of the plug occurs as the coagulation pathway is
activated on the platelet surface, and fibrinogen is converted to fibrin.
Thrombocytopenia - ANSWER-Results from a decrease in platelet production,
increased sequestration of platelets in the spleen, or decreased platelet survival
Drug induced thrombocytopenia - ANSWER-can be from aspirin, atorvastatin,
antibiotics and of course Heparin.
Clot retraction - ANSWER-the consolidation or tightening of the fibrin clot pulls
the edges of the damaged vessel close together, allowing for repair of the vessel
lining.
Clot dissolution - ANSWER-fibrinolysis occurs through conversion of plasminogen
to plasmin by tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), which is released from damaged
endothelial cells. This conversion results in digestion of fibrin fibers within the clot
and the production of fibrin degradation products.... Clot dissolves.
,Immune thrombocytopenia - ANSWER-was formally called idiopathic
thrombocytopenia purpura. ITP is the most common thrombocytopenic disorder
among children and often follows an upper respiratory infection.
Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic - ANSWER-rare and caused by a deficiency of the
gene responsible for severing large von Willebrand factor proteins. The unchecked
platelet aggregation results in microvascular occlusions...end organ failure
Spontaneous bleeding from platelet disorders - ANSWER-Most often involves
small vessels of mucous membranes and skin, common sites are nose, mouth, GI,
uterine
Cutaneous bleeding - ANSWER-seen as pinpoint hemorrhages (petechiae), or
purple areas of bruising (purpura)
Petechiae - ANSWER-Occur almost exclusively in conditions of platelet deficiency,
not dysfunction
120 days - ANSWER-RBC lifespan
Spleen - ANSWER-Breaks down RBC
5 years - ANSWER-Almost all bones produce RBCS to maintain growth rate until
this age
Red bone marrow - ANSWER-RBCS produced here after birth
, 20 years - ANSWER-Age when red cell production takes place mainly in the
membranous bones of the vertebrae, sternum, ribs, and pelvis and red marrow
changes to fatty yellow due to decreased activity
Iron and amino acids - ANSWER-Degradation products recycled when RBCS are
broken down
Hematocrit - ANSWER-Measures the volume of red cell mass in 100 mL of plasma
volume
Transfusion reaction symptoms - ANSWER-•Sensation of heat along the vein
where the blood is being infused
•Flushing of the face
•Urticaria/rash, headache, pain in the lumbar area
•Chills, fever, constricting pain in the chest
•Cramping pain in the abdomen
•Nausea, vomiting
•Tachycardia, hypotension, and dyspnea
Anemia - ANSWER--An abnormally low number of circulating red blood cells or
level of hemoglobin, or both
-Results in diminished oxygen-carrying capacity
Questions And Revised Correct Answers
| Already Passed/get it 100% accurate!!
Systemic arterial pressure - ANSWER-is the main source of afterload on the left
heart, Left ventricle afterload is increased with narrowing (stenosis) of the aortic
valve
Stages of Hemostasis - ANSWER-Vessel Spasm, formation of the platelet plug,
blood coagulation (clot retraction, clot dissolution)
Vessel Spasm - ANSWER-First stage of hemostasis, constricts the vessel and
reduces blood flow. It is a transient event that usually lasts minutes or hours.
Formation of the platelet plug - ANSWER-Second stage of hemostasis, 1. platelets
are attracted to damaged vessel wall. 2. activation by sub-endothelial tissue. 3.
change from smooth disks to spiny spheres. 4. exposing glycoprotein receptors on
their surfaces. This step requires a protein molecule called von Willebrand factor
that leaks into the injured tissue from the plasma. (adhesion, activation,
aggregation)
During Hemostasis, platelets change from ..... - ANSWER-Smooth disks to spiny
spheres
,von Willebrand factor - ANSWER-Formation of the platelet plug requires a protein
molecule called (helps platelets stick together)
Glycoprotein Receptors - ANSWER-Exposed during the formation of the platelet
plug when platelets change from smooth disks to spiny spheres
1.Blood coagulation or development of an insoluble fibrin clot - ANSWER-Third
step of hemostasis: stabilization of the plug occurs as the coagulation pathway is
activated on the platelet surface, and fibrinogen is converted to fibrin.
Thrombocytopenia - ANSWER-Results from a decrease in platelet production,
increased sequestration of platelets in the spleen, or decreased platelet survival
Drug induced thrombocytopenia - ANSWER-can be from aspirin, atorvastatin,
antibiotics and of course Heparin.
Clot retraction - ANSWER-the consolidation or tightening of the fibrin clot pulls
the edges of the damaged vessel close together, allowing for repair of the vessel
lining.
Clot dissolution - ANSWER-fibrinolysis occurs through conversion of plasminogen
to plasmin by tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), which is released from damaged
endothelial cells. This conversion results in digestion of fibrin fibers within the clot
and the production of fibrin degradation products.... Clot dissolves.
,Immune thrombocytopenia - ANSWER-was formally called idiopathic
thrombocytopenia purpura. ITP is the most common thrombocytopenic disorder
among children and often follows an upper respiratory infection.
Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic - ANSWER-rare and caused by a deficiency of the
gene responsible for severing large von Willebrand factor proteins. The unchecked
platelet aggregation results in microvascular occlusions...end organ failure
Spontaneous bleeding from platelet disorders - ANSWER-Most often involves
small vessels of mucous membranes and skin, common sites are nose, mouth, GI,
uterine
Cutaneous bleeding - ANSWER-seen as pinpoint hemorrhages (petechiae), or
purple areas of bruising (purpura)
Petechiae - ANSWER-Occur almost exclusively in conditions of platelet deficiency,
not dysfunction
120 days - ANSWER-RBC lifespan
Spleen - ANSWER-Breaks down RBC
5 years - ANSWER-Almost all bones produce RBCS to maintain growth rate until
this age
Red bone marrow - ANSWER-RBCS produced here after birth
, 20 years - ANSWER-Age when red cell production takes place mainly in the
membranous bones of the vertebrae, sternum, ribs, and pelvis and red marrow
changes to fatty yellow due to decreased activity
Iron and amino acids - ANSWER-Degradation products recycled when RBCS are
broken down
Hematocrit - ANSWER-Measures the volume of red cell mass in 100 mL of plasma
volume
Transfusion reaction symptoms - ANSWER-•Sensation of heat along the vein
where the blood is being infused
•Flushing of the face
•Urticaria/rash, headache, pain in the lumbar area
•Chills, fever, constricting pain in the chest
•Cramping pain in the abdomen
•Nausea, vomiting
•Tachycardia, hypotension, and dyspnea
Anemia - ANSWER--An abnormally low number of circulating red blood cells or
level of hemoglobin, or both
-Results in diminished oxygen-carrying capacity
