NUR 600: Comprehensive Final Exam Study
Guide and Key Concepts Questions with
Verified Correct Answers
What is the recommended examination sequence for the general adult examination?
The sequence proceeds from least invasive to more invasive techniques, with the abdomen
being the major exception.
What should be assessed during the general survey/vital signs?
Appearance, distress, hygiene, posture, gait, level of consciousness, temperature, pulse,
respirations, blood pressure, oxygen saturation, and pain.
What techniques are used to examine the skin?
Inspect color, lesions, moisture, hair, nails; palpate temperature, texture, turgor, and edema.
What is the order of techniques for the respiratory examination?
Inspect → palpate → percuss → auscultate.
What is the significance of auscultating the abdomen before percussion and palpation?
Auscultation is performed first because palpation and percussion can alter bowel sounds.
What is the best position for auscultating heart sounds?
The patient should be supine with the head elevated 30-45 degrees.
What does S1 heart sound indicate?
Closure of mitral and tricuspid valves; beginning of systole.
What does S2 heart sound indicate?
Closure of aortic and pulmonic valves; end of systole.
, What is the meaning of S3 heart sound?
Rapid passive ventricular filling immediately after S2; may indicate volume overload in older
adults.
What does S4 heart sound suggest?
Atrial contraction into a stiff/noncompliant ventricle; usually pathologic and associated with
conditions like hypertension.
What is the formula for calculating pack-year history?
Pack-years = packs smoked per day × years smoked.
What does tachypnea indicate?
Respiratory rate >20/min in adults; may suggest fever, pain, anxiety, hypoxemia, or
pulmonary disease.
What is Kussmaul respirations a sign of?
Deep, rapid, labored breathing, often associated with metabolic acidosis.
What is the significance of stridor?
A harsh high-pitched sound indicating upper airway obstruction; it is an urgent finding.
What does diminished or absent breath sounds indicate?
Reduced air movement, which may be due to pleural effusion, pneumothorax, or severe
emphysema.
What does egophony indicate?
When 'E' sounds like 'A', it suggests consolidation or compressed lung above an effusion.
What is the common LDL-C goal for high-risk primary prevention?
Guide and Key Concepts Questions with
Verified Correct Answers
What is the recommended examination sequence for the general adult examination?
The sequence proceeds from least invasive to more invasive techniques, with the abdomen
being the major exception.
What should be assessed during the general survey/vital signs?
Appearance, distress, hygiene, posture, gait, level of consciousness, temperature, pulse,
respirations, blood pressure, oxygen saturation, and pain.
What techniques are used to examine the skin?
Inspect color, lesions, moisture, hair, nails; palpate temperature, texture, turgor, and edema.
What is the order of techniques for the respiratory examination?
Inspect → palpate → percuss → auscultate.
What is the significance of auscultating the abdomen before percussion and palpation?
Auscultation is performed first because palpation and percussion can alter bowel sounds.
What is the best position for auscultating heart sounds?
The patient should be supine with the head elevated 30-45 degrees.
What does S1 heart sound indicate?
Closure of mitral and tricuspid valves; beginning of systole.
What does S2 heart sound indicate?
Closure of aortic and pulmonic valves; end of systole.
, What is the meaning of S3 heart sound?
Rapid passive ventricular filling immediately after S2; may indicate volume overload in older
adults.
What does S4 heart sound suggest?
Atrial contraction into a stiff/noncompliant ventricle; usually pathologic and associated with
conditions like hypertension.
What is the formula for calculating pack-year history?
Pack-years = packs smoked per day × years smoked.
What does tachypnea indicate?
Respiratory rate >20/min in adults; may suggest fever, pain, anxiety, hypoxemia, or
pulmonary disease.
What is Kussmaul respirations a sign of?
Deep, rapid, labored breathing, often associated with metabolic acidosis.
What is the significance of stridor?
A harsh high-pitched sound indicating upper airway obstruction; it is an urgent finding.
What does diminished or absent breath sounds indicate?
Reduced air movement, which may be due to pleural effusion, pneumothorax, or severe
emphysema.
What does egophony indicate?
When 'E' sounds like 'A', it suggests consolidation or compressed lung above an effusion.
What is the common LDL-C goal for high-risk primary prevention?
