Praxis 5025- Language Final Exam Test 2026\2027.
oral language
also known as spoken language, encompasses both speaking and listening, serving as a fundamental
communication tool and a crucial foundation for reading and writing skills.
Phonology
Encompasses the organization of sounds in language
vocubulary
(Semantics) encompasses both expressive (speaking) and receptive (listening) vocabulary.
Morphology
Is the study of word structure.
grammar
(Syntax) is the structure of language and words.
Pragmatics
Focuses on the social cues or norms in language. This is often referred to as situations in language.
Discourse
Focuses on speaking and listening skills in language
Written language development
As students learn to read they use different processes to decode words and develop their skills. As they
develop their skills they also evolve through different stages of word recognition.
Stages of Word Recognition
Students learn to decode their reading by breaking down words in a variety of ways.
Pre-alphabetic phase
Students read words by memorizing visual features or guessing words from context
Partial Alphabetic Phase
Students recognize some letters and can use them to remember words by sight
full alphabetic phase
readers possess extensive working knowledge of the graphophonemic system, and they can use this
knowledge to analyze fully the connections between graphemes and phonemes in words. They can decode
unfamiliar words and store fully analyzed sight words in memory.
consolidated alphabetic phase
Students consolidate their knowledge of grapheme-phoneme blends into larger units that recur in
different words.
Spelling conventions
are the rules that English words follow.
Single letters
a single consonant letter can be represented by a phoneme
Doublets
, Praxis 5025- Language Final Exam Test 2026\2027.
A doublet uses two of the same letter to spell a consonant phoneme
Digraphs
Are a two letter combinations that create one phoneme
Trigraphs
Are three letter combinations that create one phoneme
diphthong
Sounds formed by the combination of two Bowles in a single syllable
Consonant blends
include two or three graphemes, and the consonant sounds are separate and identifiable
- s-c-r (scrape)
- c-l (clean)
- l-k (milk)
Silent letter combinations
silent letter combinations use two letters: one represents the phoneme and the other is silent
kn (knock)
wr (wrestle)
gn (gnarl)
Combination qu
These two letters always go together and make a /kw/ sound
single letters
a single vowel letter that stands for a vowel sound
Vowel teams
Vowel teams are combinations of two, three, or four letters that stand for a vowel sound.
Pre-Production
This is known as the silent period. Students are listening and deciphering vocabulary
Early Production
The stage can last up to six months. Students at this stage understand up to 1000 words in the new
language.
Speech Emergence
At this stage, students will start to communicate with simple phrases and sentences. Students
understand up to 3000 words during this stage. Students also begin to develop comprehension in the new
language (L2).
Intermediate Fluency
During this stage, students have a robust vocabulary in the second language—6000 or more words.
Students begin to communicate effectively in their writing and speech.
oral language
also known as spoken language, encompasses both speaking and listening, serving as a fundamental
communication tool and a crucial foundation for reading and writing skills.
Phonology
Encompasses the organization of sounds in language
vocubulary
(Semantics) encompasses both expressive (speaking) and receptive (listening) vocabulary.
Morphology
Is the study of word structure.
grammar
(Syntax) is the structure of language and words.
Pragmatics
Focuses on the social cues or norms in language. This is often referred to as situations in language.
Discourse
Focuses on speaking and listening skills in language
Written language development
As students learn to read they use different processes to decode words and develop their skills. As they
develop their skills they also evolve through different stages of word recognition.
Stages of Word Recognition
Students learn to decode their reading by breaking down words in a variety of ways.
Pre-alphabetic phase
Students read words by memorizing visual features or guessing words from context
Partial Alphabetic Phase
Students recognize some letters and can use them to remember words by sight
full alphabetic phase
readers possess extensive working knowledge of the graphophonemic system, and they can use this
knowledge to analyze fully the connections between graphemes and phonemes in words. They can decode
unfamiliar words and store fully analyzed sight words in memory.
consolidated alphabetic phase
Students consolidate their knowledge of grapheme-phoneme blends into larger units that recur in
different words.
Spelling conventions
are the rules that English words follow.
Single letters
a single consonant letter can be represented by a phoneme
Doublets
, Praxis 5025- Language Final Exam Test 2026\2027.
A doublet uses two of the same letter to spell a consonant phoneme
Digraphs
Are a two letter combinations that create one phoneme
Trigraphs
Are three letter combinations that create one phoneme
diphthong
Sounds formed by the combination of two Bowles in a single syllable
Consonant blends
include two or three graphemes, and the consonant sounds are separate and identifiable
- s-c-r (scrape)
- c-l (clean)
- l-k (milk)
Silent letter combinations
silent letter combinations use two letters: one represents the phoneme and the other is silent
kn (knock)
wr (wrestle)
gn (gnarl)
Combination qu
These two letters always go together and make a /kw/ sound
single letters
a single vowel letter that stands for a vowel sound
Vowel teams
Vowel teams are combinations of two, three, or four letters that stand for a vowel sound.
Pre-Production
This is known as the silent period. Students are listening and deciphering vocabulary
Early Production
The stage can last up to six months. Students at this stage understand up to 1000 words in the new
language.
Speech Emergence
At this stage, students will start to communicate with simple phrases and sentences. Students
understand up to 3000 words during this stage. Students also begin to develop comprehension in the new
language (L2).
Intermediate Fluency
During this stage, students have a robust vocabulary in the second language—6000 or more words.
Students begin to communicate effectively in their writing and speech.
