NSG 122 Fundamentals of Nursing Exam 4 2026/2027 | Questions & Answers | Mobility, Exercise, Sleep, Pain, Stress, End-of-Life Care & Aging

This NSG 122 Fundamentals of Nursing Exam 4 2026/2027 is a focused 16-page exam question-and-answer study guide covering essential concepts in fundamental nursing care. The document concentrates on mobility and exercise, body alignment, patient positioning and transfers, sleep and rest, stress and coping, pain assessment and management, advance care planning, grief and loss, and physiological changes associated with aging. The material is organized in concise question-and-answer format and is identified on the cover as an Exam 4 resource that has been “Already Graded A+.” A substantial portion of the exam focuses on mobility, exercise, positioning, and patient safety. Students review the physiological effects of exercise, including increased oxygen demand, systolic blood pressure, respiratory rate, and heart rate. Mobility assessment covers endurance, activities of daily living, mobility limitations, patient feelings about changes in function, and promotion of self-care. The document explains lateral, Fowler’s, prone, and supine positioning and specifically discusses pressure relief involving the scapulae, sacrum, and heels. It also outlines safe first-time out-of-bed procedures, including dangling, assessing strength and readiness, determining the assistance required, and monitoring for numbness, tingling, dizziness, and lightheadedness. The guide provides detailed review of musculoskeletal movement and exercise terminology. Topics include fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial joints; flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction; and the skeletal, muscular, nervous, joint, and tendon components involved in maintaining body alignment. Isotonic exercise is described through active movement such as ADLs, range-of-motion exercises, swimming, walking, jogging, and bicycling, while isometric exercise involves muscle contraction with little or no shortening, such as quadriceps or gluteal contractions and holding a yoga pose. Benefits reviewed include improved muscle strength and tone, circulation, joint mobility, cardiorespiratory function, and bone-building activity. Patient handling and assistive-device content covers gait belts, powered stand-assist devices, lateral-assist equipment, full-body mechanical lifts, trapeze bars, boots, pillows, wedges, and graduated compression stockings. The questions differentiate equipment based on a patient’s ability to bear weight, cooperate, follow directions, and provide assistance during transfers. Nursing safety concepts include assessing pedal pulses and neurovascular status before applying compression stockings, avoiding leg massage because of potential clot concerns, maintaining dorsiflexion to reduce footdrop, reducing friction during lateral transfers, and avoiding excessive pressure behind the knee that may impair lower-extremity circulation. The document also identifies nursing diagnoses involving activity intolerance, impaired transfer mobility, and risk for injury. The sleep and rest section reviews NREM and REM sleep, the stages of NREM sleep, typical proportions of total sleep, ease of arousal, and physiological changes occurring during deeper sleep. Stage 4 NREM content includes slower EEG waves, decreased pulse and respiratory rates, lower blood pressure, muscle relaxation, slowed metabolism, and reduced body temperature. REM sleep is contrasted with increases in pulse, respiratory rate, blood pressure, metabolism, and temperature alongside reduced skeletal-muscle tone. Sleep disorders covered include insomnia, narcolepsy, obstructive sleep apnea, CPAP use, and circadian rhythm disorder. Another major exam area is stress, coping, and pain. The document distinguishes psychosocial, physiological, developmental, and situational stressors and provides examples across the lifespan, including childhood development, adolescence, aging, illness, injury, marriage, divorce, loss, employment, and role changes. Pain content differentiates deep somatic, cutaneous, visceral, and referred pain. Assessment methods include nonverbal behavior, PQRST and OLDCARTS questioning, and patient self-report, which the document identifies as the best pain-assessment approach. Nonpharmacological interventions reviewed include distraction, music therapy, meditation, and cutaneous stimulation. The exam also addresses caregiver role strain, code status, advance directives, and end-of-life nursing care. Students review manifestations of caregiver strain such as fatigue, gastrointestinal distress, headache, and weight change and are instructed to assess how caregivers are caring for themselves. The material distinguishes DNR orders, living wills, and durable power of attorney for healthcare and discusses the nurse’s role in advance-care planning. It further covers family support during grief and loss, including assessing support systems, coping ability, understanding of grief, and preferences regarding the nurse’s presence. The final portion focuses on normal aging and older-adult nursing considerations. Age-related changes presented include decreased saliva, receding gums, bone demineralization, increased bone fragility, joint stiffness, reduced flexibility and range of motion, diminished digestive secretions, decreased nutrient absorption, constipation, indigestion, malnutrition, and anemia. Psychosocial concepts related to retirement and loss of occupational identity include encouraging discussion of feelings about loss, supporting continued psychosocial development, and assessing whether the older adult feels like a burden to family members. Relevant students: NSG 122 students, Fundamentals of Nursing students, BSN students, ADN students, RN students, LPN students, LVN students, practical nursing students, prelicensure nursing students, first-year nursing students, nursing fundamentals students, nursing skills students, geriatric nursing students, nursing exam candidates, NCLEX fundamentals review students Source accuracy note: The uploaded document explicitly identifies the course as NSG 122 Fundamentals of Nursing, the assessment as Exam 4, and the academic period as 2026/2027. However, it does not identify a university, referenced textbook, journal article, DOI, or formal APA bibliography. Therefore, no unsupported university name or academic reference has been added. 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