Edapt Pathophysiology Actual Test Paper Solved Questions Full Solution

EDAPT PATHOPHYSIOLOGY ACTUAL TEST
PAPER SOLVED QUESTIONS FULL
SOLUTION

●● __________ are the subclass of central nervous system (CNS)
depressants that inhibit nerve impulses by acting on the brainstem and
gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors, resulting in the inhibition
of nerve impulses in the cerebral cortex.
Answer: Barbiturates


●● Benzodiazepines carry a black box warning regarding what?
Answer: The combined use of benzodiazepines and opioids can cause
extreme central nervous system (CNS) depression.


●● Choose the correct central nervous system (CNS) depressant based
on the degree to which it causes the inhibition of nerve impulses in the
CNS.


__________ produce a sense of calm and reduce nervousness,
excitability, and irritability without causing sleep unless given at a large
enough dose.


__________ cause sleep with a much more potent CNS effect than
__________.

,__________ can act as either a sedative or a hypnotic depending on the
dose and client responsiveness. In low doses, they calm the CNS without
causing sleep. In high doses, they calm the CNS and cause sleep.
Answer: Sedatives
Hypnotics; sedatives
Sedative-Hypnotics


●● Which of the sedative-hypnotic groups carries the highest risk for
dependence and is therefore used less?
Answer: Barbiturates


●● Barbiturates carry with them many contraindications, the risk of
dependence and overdose, as well as many drug-to-drug interactions.


Drag each statement that applies to barbiturates to the right side column.
Answer: Barbiturates are contraindicated in pregnancy.


Barbiturates cause enzyme stimulation in the liver, leading to a
shortened duration of action of many drugs.


An overdose of barbiturates typically leads to respiratory arrest, coma,
and death.

,Long-term use can lead to harmful effects on sleep due to deprivation of
rapid eye movement (REM) sleep.


Pentobarbital and phenobarbital help treat insomnia, withdrawal
symptoms, and control status epilepticus.


●● Which statements are correct regarding benzodiazepines? Select all
that apply.
Answer: Affect the hypothalamic, thalamic, and limbic systems of the
brain (gamma-aminobutyric acid [GABA] receptors),


Reduce excessive sensory stimulation which induces sleep,


Induce relaxation of skeletal muscles,


●● Nonbenzodiazepines act on the central nervous system (CNS)
__________.


Orexin receptor antagonists (also called hypocretins) act on the CNS
__________.
Answer: And act very much like benzodiazepines
And act very much like benzodiazepines

, ●● Pentobarbital is a short-acting __________ now used for
preoperative anxiety and to produce __________, to treat symptoms of
withdrawal from other barbiturates and nonbarbiturates, to control status
epilepticus, and to __________ hyperbilirubinemia in neonates.


Phenobarbital is a long-acting __________ used to __________
generalized tonic-clonic seizures and fever-induced convulsions, as well
as the __________ of hyperbilirubinemia in neonates. It is no longer
used as a sedative or hypnotic.
Answer: Barbiturate
Sedative effects
Prevent


Barbiturate
Prevent
Treatment


●● Which statements are correct regarding sedative-hypnotics? Select
all that apply.
Answer: Prolonged use of sedative-hypnotics can cause rapid eye
movement (REM) interference resulting in daytime fatigue.


Sedative-hypnotics can be ultrashort-, short-, intermediate-, or long-
acting.