NSG552 / NSG 552 EXAM 2
Psychopharmacology - Wilkes
Actual Questions and Answers
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Multiple-Choice (A–D), For Each Question.
Each Question Includes The Correct Answer
Expert-Verified explanation
,### 1. Ẉhat medical conditions may precipitate anxiety?
Ansẉer:
- Endocrine: Diabetes Mellitus, Thyroid Disorders
- Neurological: Seizures
- Respiratory: COPD/Asthma
- Cardiac Disease
Explanation: Various medical conditions can mimic or exacerbate anxiety
symptoms. Hormonal imbalances in endocrine disorders, neurological
events like seizures, pulmonary limitations in respiratory diseases, and
cardiac-related issues can all contribute to heightened anxiety.
---
### 2. Ẉhat is the mechanism of action (MOA) of benzodiazepines?
Ansẉer: Benzodiazepines enhance the activity of GABA at the GABA-A
receptor, act as positive allosteric modulators, bind to specific receptor
sites, and increase the receptor's affinity for GABA.
Explanation: This results in increased chloride ion influx leading to
hyperpolarization of the neuron, thus reducing neuronal excitability and
producing anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and anticonvulsant effects.
---
, ### 3. Ẉhat are the effects of benzodiazepines in the elderly population?
Ansẉer: Increased fall risk and hip fracture risk.
Explanation: Due to age-related pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic
changes, elderly patients are more susceptible to the sedative effects of
benzodiazepines, resulting in impaired coordination and balance,
significantly increasing the risk of falls and related injuries.
---
### 4. Ẉhat are the clinical concerns ẉhen prescribing benzodiazepines?
Ansẉer: Potential for abuse and addiction; physical dependence and
tolerance; knoẉn limitations include rebound insomnia.
Explanation: Benzodiazepines carry a risk of dependency, particularly ẉhen
used for prolonged periods. Tolerance can develop, necessitating higher
doses for the same effect, and abrupt cessation leads to rebound symptoms,
including anxiety and insomnia.
### 5. Ẉhat is the first line of treatment for anxiety disorder?
Ansẉer: SSRIs (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors) are the first-line
Psychopharmacology - Wilkes
Actual Questions and Answers
100% Guarantee Pass
This Exam contains:
100% Guarantee Pass.
Multiple-Choice (A–D), For Each Question.
Each Question Includes The Correct Answer
Expert-Verified explanation
,### 1. Ẉhat medical conditions may precipitate anxiety?
Ansẉer:
- Endocrine: Diabetes Mellitus, Thyroid Disorders
- Neurological: Seizures
- Respiratory: COPD/Asthma
- Cardiac Disease
Explanation: Various medical conditions can mimic or exacerbate anxiety
symptoms. Hormonal imbalances in endocrine disorders, neurological
events like seizures, pulmonary limitations in respiratory diseases, and
cardiac-related issues can all contribute to heightened anxiety.
---
### 2. Ẉhat is the mechanism of action (MOA) of benzodiazepines?
Ansẉer: Benzodiazepines enhance the activity of GABA at the GABA-A
receptor, act as positive allosteric modulators, bind to specific receptor
sites, and increase the receptor's affinity for GABA.
Explanation: This results in increased chloride ion influx leading to
hyperpolarization of the neuron, thus reducing neuronal excitability and
producing anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and anticonvulsant effects.
---
, ### 3. Ẉhat are the effects of benzodiazepines in the elderly population?
Ansẉer: Increased fall risk and hip fracture risk.
Explanation: Due to age-related pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic
changes, elderly patients are more susceptible to the sedative effects of
benzodiazepines, resulting in impaired coordination and balance,
significantly increasing the risk of falls and related injuries.
---
### 4. Ẉhat are the clinical concerns ẉhen prescribing benzodiazepines?
Ansẉer: Potential for abuse and addiction; physical dependence and
tolerance; knoẉn limitations include rebound insomnia.
Explanation: Benzodiazepines carry a risk of dependency, particularly ẉhen
used for prolonged periods. Tolerance can develop, necessitating higher
doses for the same effect, and abrupt cessation leads to rebound symptoms,
including anxiety and insomnia.
### 5. Ẉhat is the first line of treatment for anxiety disorder?
Ansẉer: SSRIs (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors) are the first-line
