CHEM 219 MODULE 1 NEWEST EXAM 2026-2027
COMPLETE 65 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS)
ALREADY GRADED A+
(Pure) Covalent bonds - CORRECT ANSWER: ***formed by the sharing of electrons
- electronegativity diff: < 0.4 (zero difference)
Anion - CORRECT ANSWER: Becomes negatively charged when it receives an electron
Catenation - CORRECT ANSWER: The process or preference of an element to link/bond with
another atom of the same element.
Cation - CORRECT ANSWER: Becomes positively charged when it loses an electron
Characterize each of the following structural formula representations as either a dash, condensed,
super-condensed, or bond-line formula: - CORRECT ANSWER: a) Super-Condensed
b) Condensed
c) Bond-line
d) Dash
Classify the bonding between the given pairs of atoms as ionic, covalent, or polar covalent. Use
the table of electronegativities shown below to help with the classification.
a. Br and Br
b. K and Cl
c. P and Cl
d. C and O
, e. Na and Br - CORRECT ANSWER: a. Br-Br: Electronegativity difference () = 0 =
COVALENT (or pure covalent)
b. K-Cl: () = 2.2 = IONIC
c. P-Cl: ()= 0.9 = POLAR COVALENT
d. C-O: ()= 1.0 = POLAR COVALENT
e. Na-Br: () = 1.8 = POLAR COVALENT
Define the term constitutional isomer. - CORRECT ANSWER: Two (or more) different chemical
compounds with the same molecular formula but different connectivity between the atoms in
their structural formulae.
Describe how individual resonance structures impact the true structure of a molecule or
polyatomic ion. - CORRECT ANSWER: Each contributing individual resonance structure
contributes characteristics to the overall hybrid structure of the compound. The hybrid
"averages" bond lengths and formal charges by delocalizing them among atoms that share them
in each contributing individual resonance structure.
Describe the shapes associated with the atomic orbitals associated with the main elements of
organic chemistry. - CORRECT ANSWER: S orbitals are spherical (single lobe), while P orbitals
are dumbbell-shaped (two lobes).
Diatomic element - CORRECT ANSWER: When an atom is more stable when bonded to
another atom
End-on overlap molecules - CORRECT ANSWER: The binding/combination of either S or P
orbitals, or both
Explain (using specific evidence) what makes the following two compounds constitutional
isomers of one another: - CORRECT ANSWER: Both compounds have a MF of C3H6O - same
MF.
Compound "a" has a 3-carbon chain with a C=O in the middle. No H atom connected to C of
C=O.
COMPLETE 65 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS)
ALREADY GRADED A+
(Pure) Covalent bonds - CORRECT ANSWER: ***formed by the sharing of electrons
- electronegativity diff: < 0.4 (zero difference)
Anion - CORRECT ANSWER: Becomes negatively charged when it receives an electron
Catenation - CORRECT ANSWER: The process or preference of an element to link/bond with
another atom of the same element.
Cation - CORRECT ANSWER: Becomes positively charged when it loses an electron
Characterize each of the following structural formula representations as either a dash, condensed,
super-condensed, or bond-line formula: - CORRECT ANSWER: a) Super-Condensed
b) Condensed
c) Bond-line
d) Dash
Classify the bonding between the given pairs of atoms as ionic, covalent, or polar covalent. Use
the table of electronegativities shown below to help with the classification.
a. Br and Br
b. K and Cl
c. P and Cl
d. C and O
, e. Na and Br - CORRECT ANSWER: a. Br-Br: Electronegativity difference () = 0 =
COVALENT (or pure covalent)
b. K-Cl: () = 2.2 = IONIC
c. P-Cl: ()= 0.9 = POLAR COVALENT
d. C-O: ()= 1.0 = POLAR COVALENT
e. Na-Br: () = 1.8 = POLAR COVALENT
Define the term constitutional isomer. - CORRECT ANSWER: Two (or more) different chemical
compounds with the same molecular formula but different connectivity between the atoms in
their structural formulae.
Describe how individual resonance structures impact the true structure of a molecule or
polyatomic ion. - CORRECT ANSWER: Each contributing individual resonance structure
contributes characteristics to the overall hybrid structure of the compound. The hybrid
"averages" bond lengths and formal charges by delocalizing them among atoms that share them
in each contributing individual resonance structure.
Describe the shapes associated with the atomic orbitals associated with the main elements of
organic chemistry. - CORRECT ANSWER: S orbitals are spherical (single lobe), while P orbitals
are dumbbell-shaped (two lobes).
Diatomic element - CORRECT ANSWER: When an atom is more stable when bonded to
another atom
End-on overlap molecules - CORRECT ANSWER: The binding/combination of either S or P
orbitals, or both
Explain (using specific evidence) what makes the following two compounds constitutional
isomers of one another: - CORRECT ANSWER: Both compounds have a MF of C3H6O - same
MF.
Compound "a" has a 3-carbon chain with a C=O in the middle. No H atom connected to C of
C=O.
