ECCO HEMODYNAMIC MONITORING CRITICALLY ILL PATIENTS PART 2 SCRIPT 2026 TESTED QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A+

ECCO HEMODYNAMIC MONITORING
CRITICALLY ILL PATIENTS PART 2 SCRIPT
2026 TESTED QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+

⩥ Central Venous Pressure (CVP). Answer: A common type of
hemodynamic monitoring.


⩥ Pulmonary Artery Pressure (PAP). Answer: A common type of
hemodynamic monitoring.


⩥ Intra-arterial blood pressure (A-line). Answer: A common type of
hemodynamic monitoring.


⩥ Non-invasive hemodynamic monitoring. Answer: Includes ECG,
manual blood pressure, pulse oximetry, echocardiography, and fluid
responsiveness.


⩥ Pre-load. Answer: Stretch of cardiac muscle fibers at end diastole.


⩥ Mixed venous oxygen saturation (SVO2). Answer: Amount of oxygen
left in blood after it has traveled through the body and returned to the
heart.

, ⩥ Normal range for SVO2. Answer: 60-80%.


⩥ Decreased SVO2. Answer: Indicates low cardiac output to meet tissue
needs.


⩥ Systemic vascular resistance (SVR). Answer: Represents the
resistance against which the left ventricle must pump.


⩥ Cardiac Output. Answer: Amount of blood pumped by one ventricle
per minute (4-6L/min at rest).


⩥ Cardiac Output calculation. Answer: CO = stroke volume x heart rate.


⩥ Stroke volume (SV). Answer: Blood ejected per heartbeat (60-
130mL).


⩥ Cardiac index. Answer: Cardiac index = Cardiac output (CO)/Body
surface area (BSA).


⩥ Normal cardiac index range. Answer: 2.5-4.0 l/min/m2.