NCSU BIO 183 EXAM 1 | COMPREHENSIVE BIOLOGY STUDY GUIDE, PRACTICE
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS 2026/2027
dehydration synthesis - correct answer ✔✔formation of large molecules by the removal of water,
monomers are joined to form polymers
hydrolysis - correct answer ✔✔Breakdown of large molecules by the addition of water, proteins are
broken down to amino acids by this
Protein function - correct answer ✔✔basically does everything
Oligo protein - correct answer ✔✔a small protein
Roughly how many different amino acids are there - correct answer ✔✔20
Denaturation - correct answer ✔✔Breaking the bonds of a protein, protein loses structure and function
Causes of denaturation - correct answer ✔✔Put in a different environment, apply heat, change pH level
What is pH - correct answer ✔✔basically the concentration of proteins
Nucleotides - correct answer ✔✔make up DNA sequence (ATCG)
Describe the function of mRNA in the making of a protein - correct answer ✔✔built as a complementary
template from a strand of DNA then moves from nucleus to the cytoplasm
Describe the function of ribosomes in the making of a protein - correct answer ✔✔bind to the mRNA
then call the correct amino acid based on the codons
Describe the function of tRNA in the making of a protein - correct answer ✔✔amino acids are attached
to this and are taken to the ribosomes when needed
What happens to a protein after the ribosome? - correct answer ✔✔Can either be released into the
cytoplasm or sent to the ER to be finalized
What does the rough ER do in the process of making a protein - correct answer ✔✔folds the protein into
the correct shape
What does the smooth ER do in the process of making a protein - correct answer ✔✔detoxification
Where does a protein go after the SER? - correct answer ✔✔to the Golgi apparatus
How does the protein go from the SER to the Golgi - correct answer ✔✔vesicles form on the surface of
the SER and transport the proteins to the golgi
What is a vesicle - correct answer ✔✔Used for transportation, "pockets of stuff"
, What does the Golgi apparatus do in the making of a protein - correct answer ✔✔Proteins are sorted
and "repackaged", new vesicles are formed on the surface to take the proteins to their required part of
the cell
What is a chaperon? - correct answer ✔✔particular proteins that fold proteins correctly
Where is prokaryotic DNA found? - correct answer ✔✔floating in the cytoplasm
Hydroxyl - correct answer ✔✔What functional group is this
Carboxyl - correct answer ✔✔What functional group is this
Sulfhydrl - correct answer ✔✔What functional group is this
Carbonyl - correct answer ✔✔What functional group is this
Amino - correct answer ✔✔What functional group is this
Phosphate - correct answer ✔✔What functional group is this
Methyl - correct answer ✔✔What functional group is this
Carbon - correct answer ✔✔Framework of biological molecules, can form up to 4 covalent bonds
Isomers - correct answer ✔✔Molecules with the same molecular formula
Enantiomers - correct answer ✔✔Mirror image molecules; Chiral, D-sugars and L amino acids
Polymer - correct answer ✔✔Built by linking monomers
nucleic acids are these
Monomer - correct answer ✔✔Small, similar chemical subunits
nucleotides are these
Protein denaturation - correct answer ✔✔changes the solubility of individual protein molecules,
trapping solvent water into a semisolid gel structure
Carbohydrates - correct answer ✔✔Molecules with a 1:2:1 ratio
Are good energy storage for molecules
examples of carbohydrates - correct answer ✔✔Sugars, Starch , glucose
Monosacharrides - correct answer ✔✔Simplest carbohydrate, 6-carbon sugars play an important role
Glucose - correct answer ✔✔Fructose is the structural isomer
Galactose is the stereoisomer
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS 2026/2027
dehydration synthesis - correct answer ✔✔formation of large molecules by the removal of water,
monomers are joined to form polymers
hydrolysis - correct answer ✔✔Breakdown of large molecules by the addition of water, proteins are
broken down to amino acids by this
Protein function - correct answer ✔✔basically does everything
Oligo protein - correct answer ✔✔a small protein
Roughly how many different amino acids are there - correct answer ✔✔20
Denaturation - correct answer ✔✔Breaking the bonds of a protein, protein loses structure and function
Causes of denaturation - correct answer ✔✔Put in a different environment, apply heat, change pH level
What is pH - correct answer ✔✔basically the concentration of proteins
Nucleotides - correct answer ✔✔make up DNA sequence (ATCG)
Describe the function of mRNA in the making of a protein - correct answer ✔✔built as a complementary
template from a strand of DNA then moves from nucleus to the cytoplasm
Describe the function of ribosomes in the making of a protein - correct answer ✔✔bind to the mRNA
then call the correct amino acid based on the codons
Describe the function of tRNA in the making of a protein - correct answer ✔✔amino acids are attached
to this and are taken to the ribosomes when needed
What happens to a protein after the ribosome? - correct answer ✔✔Can either be released into the
cytoplasm or sent to the ER to be finalized
What does the rough ER do in the process of making a protein - correct answer ✔✔folds the protein into
the correct shape
What does the smooth ER do in the process of making a protein - correct answer ✔✔detoxification
Where does a protein go after the SER? - correct answer ✔✔to the Golgi apparatus
How does the protein go from the SER to the Golgi - correct answer ✔✔vesicles form on the surface of
the SER and transport the proteins to the golgi
What is a vesicle - correct answer ✔✔Used for transportation, "pockets of stuff"
, What does the Golgi apparatus do in the making of a protein - correct answer ✔✔Proteins are sorted
and "repackaged", new vesicles are formed on the surface to take the proteins to their required part of
the cell
What is a chaperon? - correct answer ✔✔particular proteins that fold proteins correctly
Where is prokaryotic DNA found? - correct answer ✔✔floating in the cytoplasm
Hydroxyl - correct answer ✔✔What functional group is this
Carboxyl - correct answer ✔✔What functional group is this
Sulfhydrl - correct answer ✔✔What functional group is this
Carbonyl - correct answer ✔✔What functional group is this
Amino - correct answer ✔✔What functional group is this
Phosphate - correct answer ✔✔What functional group is this
Methyl - correct answer ✔✔What functional group is this
Carbon - correct answer ✔✔Framework of biological molecules, can form up to 4 covalent bonds
Isomers - correct answer ✔✔Molecules with the same molecular formula
Enantiomers - correct answer ✔✔Mirror image molecules; Chiral, D-sugars and L amino acids
Polymer - correct answer ✔✔Built by linking monomers
nucleic acids are these
Monomer - correct answer ✔✔Small, similar chemical subunits
nucleotides are these
Protein denaturation - correct answer ✔✔changes the solubility of individual protein molecules,
trapping solvent water into a semisolid gel structure
Carbohydrates - correct answer ✔✔Molecules with a 1:2:1 ratio
Are good energy storage for molecules
examples of carbohydrates - correct answer ✔✔Sugars, Starch , glucose
Monosacharrides - correct answer ✔✔Simplest carbohydrate, 6-carbon sugars play an important role
Glucose - correct answer ✔✔Fructose is the structural isomer
Galactose is the stereoisomer
