BIL150 Mallery exam 2 Questions with Correct Answers
Question 1:
Bacteria
Answer:
any of a group of microscopic organisms that are prokaryotic, i.e., that lack a membrane-bound
nucleus and organelles. Bacteria are unicellular (one-celled) and may have spherical (coccus),
rod-like (bacillus), or curved (vibrio, spirillum, or spirochete) bodies.
Different bacteria inhabit virtually all environments, including soil, water, organic matter, and
the bodies of eukaryotes (multicellular animals). Some bacteria are known to be beneficial to
humans and the higher animals, while many others are harmful; bacteria are the chief cause of
infectious diseases in humans.
Question 2:
Prokaryote
Answer:
any self-contained cell or organism that lacks internal unit membranes. Bacteria are among the
best-known procaryotic organisms. Procaryotes lack a nuclear membrane and most of the
components of eucaryotic cells. The cell membrane consists of a phospholipid unit membrane
and constitutes the cell's primary osmotic barrier. The cytoplasm includes ribosomes that carry
out translation and protein synthesis. The nuclear region usually consists of circular,
double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Many procaryotes also contain accessory,
self-replicating genetic structures, called plasmids, with additional dispensable cell functions,
such as encoding proteins to inactivate antibiotics. The flagella are distinct from those of
eucaryotes in design and movement. The organelles that are present, such as storage vesicles,
are surrounded by a non-unit membrane consisting principally of proteins.
Question 3:
aquatic or terrestrial microorganisms that exhibit a diversity of shapes, including spherical,
rod-shaped, and spiral forms. Archaebacteria lack murein (ester lipids) in the cell walls, which is
characteristic of eubacteria; instead, they have ether lipids, as well as a number of different
cell-wall constituents.
Archaebacteria also differ from eubacteria in the structure of their ribosomal RNA's, which are
used in genetic testing to assess the degree of genetic relatedness among different species. The
archaebacteria reproduce using a wide variety of mechanisms, including binary and multiple
fission, budding, and fragmentation.
Answer:
Archaebacteria
,Question 4:
Archaebacteria survive in a number of extreme environments, including very hot or saline ones.
Archaebacteria may be aerobic, anaerobic, or facultatively anaerobic in their metabolic
requirements. Some archaebacteria, such as Halobacterium, require a highly saline
environment. Others, such as Methanobacterium, produce methane (CH4) as an end product,
while still others are dependent on sulfur for their metabolism. The latter group are among the
most thermophilic of the archaebacteria, surviving in temperatures higher than 45 to 50 C (113
to 122 F). Eubacteria
Answer:
any of a group of true bacteria species and one of two major groups of prokaryotic organisms.
The other major group, the archaebacteria, are as different from
eubacteria as either is from the eukaryotes. The division of the bacteria into two groups has
been suggested by ribosomal RNA studies of the genetic information of the organisms.
Eubacteria and archaebacteria are thought to have evolved separately from a common
ancestor early in Earth's history. Eubacteria and archaebacteria differ in important
characteristics, such as the number of ribosomal proteins and the size and shape of the
ribosomal S unit.
Question 5:
Eucaryote
Answer:
any cell or organism that possesses a clearly defined nucleus, a description that excludes
bacteria and blue-green algae. The eucaryotic cell has a nuclear membrane, well-defined
chromosomes (bodies containing the hereditary material), mitochondria (cellular energy
exchangers), a Golgi apparatus (secretory device), an endoplasmic reticulum (a canal-like
communication system within the cell), &lysosomes (digestive apparatus within many cell
types).
Question 6:
an infectious agent of small size and simple composition that can reproduce only in living cells
of animals, plants, or bacteria. A virus consists of a single-or double-stranded nucleic acid and at
least one protein surrounded by a protein shell, called a capsid. The nucleic acid carries the
virus's genome--its collection of genes--and may consist of either DNA or RNA. The protein
capsid provides protection for the nucleic acid and may contain enzymes that enable the virus
to enter its appropriate host cell. Some viruses are rod-shaped, others are icosahedral (a
roughly spherical shape that is actually a 20-sided polygon), and still others have complex
shapes consisting of a multisided "head" and a cylindrical "tail."
Answer:
Virus
, Question 7:
Cell division
Answer:
nucleus, chromosomes, centrioles, microtubules (spindle fibers) microfilaments (cell furrow
pinching it apart
Question 8:
Information storage & transfer
Answer:
nucleus, chromosome, DNA--> mRNA --> ribosomes --> enzymes & proteinsnucleus,
chromosome, DNA--> mRNA --> ribosomes --> enzymes & proteins
nucleus, chromosome, DNA--> mRNA --> ribosomes --> enzymes & proteins
nucleus, chromosome, DNA--> mRNA --> ribosomes --> enzymes & proteins
Question 9:
Energy conversion
Answer:
mitochondria
Question 10:
Manufactures membranes & products
Answer:
ribosomes, rough E.R., smooth E.R., Golgi apparatus and its vesicles
Question 11:
Lipid synthesis & drug detoxification
Answer:
smooth E.R.
Question 12:
Digestion & recycling
Answer:
lysosomes and food vacuoles
Question 1:
Bacteria
Answer:
any of a group of microscopic organisms that are prokaryotic, i.e., that lack a membrane-bound
nucleus and organelles. Bacteria are unicellular (one-celled) and may have spherical (coccus),
rod-like (bacillus), or curved (vibrio, spirillum, or spirochete) bodies.
Different bacteria inhabit virtually all environments, including soil, water, organic matter, and
the bodies of eukaryotes (multicellular animals). Some bacteria are known to be beneficial to
humans and the higher animals, while many others are harmful; bacteria are the chief cause of
infectious diseases in humans.
Question 2:
Prokaryote
Answer:
any self-contained cell or organism that lacks internal unit membranes. Bacteria are among the
best-known procaryotic organisms. Procaryotes lack a nuclear membrane and most of the
components of eucaryotic cells. The cell membrane consists of a phospholipid unit membrane
and constitutes the cell's primary osmotic barrier. The cytoplasm includes ribosomes that carry
out translation and protein synthesis. The nuclear region usually consists of circular,
double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Many procaryotes also contain accessory,
self-replicating genetic structures, called plasmids, with additional dispensable cell functions,
such as encoding proteins to inactivate antibiotics. The flagella are distinct from those of
eucaryotes in design and movement. The organelles that are present, such as storage vesicles,
are surrounded by a non-unit membrane consisting principally of proteins.
Question 3:
aquatic or terrestrial microorganisms that exhibit a diversity of shapes, including spherical,
rod-shaped, and spiral forms. Archaebacteria lack murein (ester lipids) in the cell walls, which is
characteristic of eubacteria; instead, they have ether lipids, as well as a number of different
cell-wall constituents.
Archaebacteria also differ from eubacteria in the structure of their ribosomal RNA's, which are
used in genetic testing to assess the degree of genetic relatedness among different species. The
archaebacteria reproduce using a wide variety of mechanisms, including binary and multiple
fission, budding, and fragmentation.
Answer:
Archaebacteria
,Question 4:
Archaebacteria survive in a number of extreme environments, including very hot or saline ones.
Archaebacteria may be aerobic, anaerobic, or facultatively anaerobic in their metabolic
requirements. Some archaebacteria, such as Halobacterium, require a highly saline
environment. Others, such as Methanobacterium, produce methane (CH4) as an end product,
while still others are dependent on sulfur for their metabolism. The latter group are among the
most thermophilic of the archaebacteria, surviving in temperatures higher than 45 to 50 C (113
to 122 F). Eubacteria
Answer:
any of a group of true bacteria species and one of two major groups of prokaryotic organisms.
The other major group, the archaebacteria, are as different from
eubacteria as either is from the eukaryotes. The division of the bacteria into two groups has
been suggested by ribosomal RNA studies of the genetic information of the organisms.
Eubacteria and archaebacteria are thought to have evolved separately from a common
ancestor early in Earth's history. Eubacteria and archaebacteria differ in important
characteristics, such as the number of ribosomal proteins and the size and shape of the
ribosomal S unit.
Question 5:
Eucaryote
Answer:
any cell or organism that possesses a clearly defined nucleus, a description that excludes
bacteria and blue-green algae. The eucaryotic cell has a nuclear membrane, well-defined
chromosomes (bodies containing the hereditary material), mitochondria (cellular energy
exchangers), a Golgi apparatus (secretory device), an endoplasmic reticulum (a canal-like
communication system within the cell), &lysosomes (digestive apparatus within many cell
types).
Question 6:
an infectious agent of small size and simple composition that can reproduce only in living cells
of animals, plants, or bacteria. A virus consists of a single-or double-stranded nucleic acid and at
least one protein surrounded by a protein shell, called a capsid. The nucleic acid carries the
virus's genome--its collection of genes--and may consist of either DNA or RNA. The protein
capsid provides protection for the nucleic acid and may contain enzymes that enable the virus
to enter its appropriate host cell. Some viruses are rod-shaped, others are icosahedral (a
roughly spherical shape that is actually a 20-sided polygon), and still others have complex
shapes consisting of a multisided "head" and a cylindrical "tail."
Answer:
Virus
, Question 7:
Cell division
Answer:
nucleus, chromosomes, centrioles, microtubules (spindle fibers) microfilaments (cell furrow
pinching it apart
Question 8:
Information storage & transfer
Answer:
nucleus, chromosome, DNA--> mRNA --> ribosomes --> enzymes & proteinsnucleus,
chromosome, DNA--> mRNA --> ribosomes --> enzymes & proteins
nucleus, chromosome, DNA--> mRNA --> ribosomes --> enzymes & proteins
nucleus, chromosome, DNA--> mRNA --> ribosomes --> enzymes & proteins
Question 9:
Energy conversion
Answer:
mitochondria
Question 10:
Manufactures membranes & products
Answer:
ribosomes, rough E.R., smooth E.R., Golgi apparatus and its vesicles
Question 11:
Lipid synthesis & drug detoxification
Answer:
smooth E.R.
Question 12:
Digestion & recycling
Answer:
lysosomes and food vacuoles
