DYSRHYTHMIA STUFF
AHN 447 EXAM
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE
2026/2027 GRADED A+ .
,1. We want the sinus node pacing the heart.
Depolarization-
Repolarization- and refilling ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWER Contraction; relaxing
2. At rest there is a charge inside the cell and a positive charge outside the cell
Na+ is most plentiful the cell and K+ is most plentiful inside the cell.
When the muscle depolarizes Na rushes and K rushes in a wave
pattern ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWER negative; outside; in; out
3. For a cell to depolarize it must be stimulated and the ions (K and Na) must change
places.
Repolarization is the ions going back to their normal state (K in and Na out)
This is a slower movement than depolarization (rapid movement)
Absolute refractory means excitability is and we cannot stimulate it to depolarize ✔✔
CORRECT ANSWER electrically; resting; zero
4. Primary pace-maker is the SA node
-Normal rate is -
The second pacemaker is the AV node
-Normal rate for AV node is -
The last pace maker is the purkinje fibers
-Rate of - ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWER 60-100 ; 40-60; 20-40
5. P-wave= atrial depolarization
-Right at the end of diastole the atria contract " "
-30% of CO comes from atrial kick
,AV node slows down the impulse for filling.
The flat part is where atrial contraction occurs is also where the AV node is holding onto that impulse to allow for
ventricular filling
QRS= ventricular depolarization.
-As soon as they depolarize they have to contract whether they are
T-wave= ventricular repolarization. When the ions are going back original state.
There isn't an atrial repolarization because is hidden by the QRS. ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWER atrial kick; ventricular
6. Oversized means they have an infarct in the past ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWER Q wave
7. Normal time intervals ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWER
PR= -
• Represents atrial depolarization and mechanical contraction of t
QRS= anything less than seconds (<0.12 sec)
• Represents ventricular depolarization ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWER 0.12-0.20; less than 0.12
8. If there is no QRS after a P wave then the conduction got blocked in the
node
For a NSR we have to have a p followed by QRS
In newly infarcted patients we don't want sinus tachycardia because the diastole doesn't have time to fill the
coronaries ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWER AV
9. Hyperthyroidism - feel hot and sweaty
Excess t3 and t4 is causes the heart to beat fast and hard
blocker to lower HR for these patients Sepsis we will give
, BB too ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWER BB 1 specific
10. Sinus tachy we treat the of the tachycardia and not just give the BB in the reg
population ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWER cause
11. Sinus bradycardia
-NSR except for slowed rate
-Coronary perfusion is really good here
-If it gets too low we lose CO
-Valsalva can cause this to slow the HR
-Vagus nerve is .
-Normal in a aerobic athlete. ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWER parasympathetic
12. can cause sinus bradycardia
-Check apical pulse before giving
-Dig will slow the sinus node rate
-Check K too. Many are on diuretics so check this
-Has to be in normal rate 60-100
-If HR is irregular do not give either
can cause sinus bradycardia too
-Older people have a lower HR too ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWER Digoxin; BB's
13. Atropine
-Anticholinergic. The cholinergic system is a parasympathetic system and we are trying to block that slowing
down and speed it up.
-Speeds up HR by antagonizing cholinergic response
Sinus bradycardia (symptomatic brady) we give to speed up the heart
AHN 447 EXAM
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE
2026/2027 GRADED A+ .
,1. We want the sinus node pacing the heart.
Depolarization-
Repolarization- and refilling ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWER Contraction; relaxing
2. At rest there is a charge inside the cell and a positive charge outside the cell
Na+ is most plentiful the cell and K+ is most plentiful inside the cell.
When the muscle depolarizes Na rushes and K rushes in a wave
pattern ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWER negative; outside; in; out
3. For a cell to depolarize it must be stimulated and the ions (K and Na) must change
places.
Repolarization is the ions going back to their normal state (K in and Na out)
This is a slower movement than depolarization (rapid movement)
Absolute refractory means excitability is and we cannot stimulate it to depolarize ✔✔
CORRECT ANSWER electrically; resting; zero
4. Primary pace-maker is the SA node
-Normal rate is -
The second pacemaker is the AV node
-Normal rate for AV node is -
The last pace maker is the purkinje fibers
-Rate of - ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWER 60-100 ; 40-60; 20-40
5. P-wave= atrial depolarization
-Right at the end of diastole the atria contract " "
-30% of CO comes from atrial kick
,AV node slows down the impulse for filling.
The flat part is where atrial contraction occurs is also where the AV node is holding onto that impulse to allow for
ventricular filling
QRS= ventricular depolarization.
-As soon as they depolarize they have to contract whether they are
T-wave= ventricular repolarization. When the ions are going back original state.
There isn't an atrial repolarization because is hidden by the QRS. ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWER atrial kick; ventricular
6. Oversized means they have an infarct in the past ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWER Q wave
7. Normal time intervals ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWER
PR= -
• Represents atrial depolarization and mechanical contraction of t
QRS= anything less than seconds (<0.12 sec)
• Represents ventricular depolarization ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWER 0.12-0.20; less than 0.12
8. If there is no QRS after a P wave then the conduction got blocked in the
node
For a NSR we have to have a p followed by QRS
In newly infarcted patients we don't want sinus tachycardia because the diastole doesn't have time to fill the
coronaries ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWER AV
9. Hyperthyroidism - feel hot and sweaty
Excess t3 and t4 is causes the heart to beat fast and hard
blocker to lower HR for these patients Sepsis we will give
, BB too ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWER BB 1 specific
10. Sinus tachy we treat the of the tachycardia and not just give the BB in the reg
population ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWER cause
11. Sinus bradycardia
-NSR except for slowed rate
-Coronary perfusion is really good here
-If it gets too low we lose CO
-Valsalva can cause this to slow the HR
-Vagus nerve is .
-Normal in a aerobic athlete. ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWER parasympathetic
12. can cause sinus bradycardia
-Check apical pulse before giving
-Dig will slow the sinus node rate
-Check K too. Many are on diuretics so check this
-Has to be in normal rate 60-100
-If HR is irregular do not give either
can cause sinus bradycardia too
-Older people have a lower HR too ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWER Digoxin; BB's
13. Atropine
-Anticholinergic. The cholinergic system is a parasympathetic system and we are trying to block that slowing
down and speed it up.
-Speeds up HR by antagonizing cholinergic response
Sinus bradycardia (symptomatic brady) we give to speed up the heart
