UGA BIOLOGY 1107 EXAM SCRIPT
4 QUESTIONS AND COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS
⩥ antiparallel. Answer: arrangement of the 2 strands of DNA in a double
helix in which the 2 strands are oriented parallel with each other but in
opposite directions
⩥ cytosine. Answer: pyrimidine nucleotide that forms base pairs with
guanine in DNA molecules
⩥ deoxyribose. Answer: 5-carbon sugar that lacks an OH group on its 2'
carbon atom
⩥ DNA. Answer: deoxyribonucleic acid, a molecule consisting of
nucleotides that contain deoxyribose sugars
⩥ guanine. Answer: purine nucleotide that forms base pairs with
cytosine in DNA molecules
⩥ nitrogenous base. Answer: nitrogen-containing molecule with the
chemical properties of a base found in DNA and RNA
⩥ nucleotide. Answer: fundamental subunit of DNA and RNA molecules
,⩥ purines. Answer: nitrogenous bases consisting of 2 carbon rings, as in
adenine and guanine
⩥ pyrimidines. Answer: nitrogenous bases consisting of a single carbon
ring, as in cytosine, thymine, and uracil
⩥ ribose. Answer: 5-carbon sugar that has an OH group on its 2' carbon
⩥ RNA. Answer: ribonucleic acid, a molecule consisting of nucleotides
that contain ribose sugars
⩥ thymine. Answer: pyrimidine nucleotide that forms base pairs with
adenine in DNA molecules
⩥ uracil. Answer: pyrimidine nucleotide that can form base pairs with
adenine in RNA molecules
⩥ central dogma. Answer: refers to the process by which info is read to
make a complementary RNA copy that is then used to make a protein
with a specific amino acid sequence
⩥ coding region. Answer: the portion of a gene that specifies the RNA
sequence that will be produced during transcription
, ⩥ gene. Answer: a region of DNA that contains info for making a
specific RNA molecule
⩥ genome. Answer: all of the DNA present in a cell or organism
⩥ gene expression. Answer: process of extracting info from DNA to
build RNA and proteins, as well as mechanisms that regulate this
process
⩥ non-template strand. Answer: strand of DNA that is not used to
transcribe RNA
⩥ promoter. Answer: sequence of DNA nucleotides to which RNA
polymerase and associated proteins bind to initiate transcription
⩥ RNA polymerase. Answer: enzyme that synthesizes RNA from a DNA
template strand
⩥ template strand. Answer: strand of DNA that is used to transcribe
RNA
⩥ terminator. Answer: a region of DNA that signals the transcription of
prokaryotic and some eukaryotic genes to end when reached
4 QUESTIONS AND COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS
⩥ antiparallel. Answer: arrangement of the 2 strands of DNA in a double
helix in which the 2 strands are oriented parallel with each other but in
opposite directions
⩥ cytosine. Answer: pyrimidine nucleotide that forms base pairs with
guanine in DNA molecules
⩥ deoxyribose. Answer: 5-carbon sugar that lacks an OH group on its 2'
carbon atom
⩥ DNA. Answer: deoxyribonucleic acid, a molecule consisting of
nucleotides that contain deoxyribose sugars
⩥ guanine. Answer: purine nucleotide that forms base pairs with
cytosine in DNA molecules
⩥ nitrogenous base. Answer: nitrogen-containing molecule with the
chemical properties of a base found in DNA and RNA
⩥ nucleotide. Answer: fundamental subunit of DNA and RNA molecules
,⩥ purines. Answer: nitrogenous bases consisting of 2 carbon rings, as in
adenine and guanine
⩥ pyrimidines. Answer: nitrogenous bases consisting of a single carbon
ring, as in cytosine, thymine, and uracil
⩥ ribose. Answer: 5-carbon sugar that has an OH group on its 2' carbon
⩥ RNA. Answer: ribonucleic acid, a molecule consisting of nucleotides
that contain ribose sugars
⩥ thymine. Answer: pyrimidine nucleotide that forms base pairs with
adenine in DNA molecules
⩥ uracil. Answer: pyrimidine nucleotide that can form base pairs with
adenine in RNA molecules
⩥ central dogma. Answer: refers to the process by which info is read to
make a complementary RNA copy that is then used to make a protein
with a specific amino acid sequence
⩥ coding region. Answer: the portion of a gene that specifies the RNA
sequence that will be produced during transcription
, ⩥ gene. Answer: a region of DNA that contains info for making a
specific RNA molecule
⩥ genome. Answer: all of the DNA present in a cell or organism
⩥ gene expression. Answer: process of extracting info from DNA to
build RNA and proteins, as well as mechanisms that regulate this
process
⩥ non-template strand. Answer: strand of DNA that is not used to
transcribe RNA
⩥ promoter. Answer: sequence of DNA nucleotides to which RNA
polymerase and associated proteins bind to initiate transcription
⩥ RNA polymerase. Answer: enzyme that synthesizes RNA from a DNA
template strand
⩥ template strand. Answer: strand of DNA that is used to transcribe
RNA
⩥ terminator. Answer: a region of DNA that signals the transcription of
prokaryotic and some eukaryotic genes to end when reached
