WGU D027 Course Material Questions
WGU D027 Course Material Questions
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_9c3reg
1. Which of the following is not a Combustion -
cellular function? All living cells must absorb and metabolize sources of ener-
gy, excrete waste and by-products of those processes, and
reproduce to continue offspring. Pyrotechnic processes (i.e.
combustion) are generally metaphorical.
2. What are mitochondria re- Energy production -
sponsible for? Mitochondria are the energy production organelles of the
cell responsible for the major metabolic processes of creating
units of energy (e.g., ATP).
3. Which if the following can Increased lymphatic pressure -
cause edema? Decreased vascular and lymphatic pressure does not gener-
ally result in the movement and accumulation of fluid into ex-
travascular spaces. Increased plasma pressure in the vascular
results in hypertension, while increased lymphatic pressure
will readily result in the pooling of lymphatic drainage into
third spaces (i.e. edema).
4. Which of the following best de- Two diploid cells, called daughter cells, are produced -
scribes the result of cellular re- The resultant offspring of cellular reproduction is the creation
production? of two daughter cells after the completion of mitosis or meio-
sis. Interphase is the longest period that a cell spends its life
cycle and is the preparatory stage before cellular reproduc-
tion. Anaphase is the separation of genetic materials to the
opposing centromeres of the cell, followed by telophase.
5. What indicates hypokalemia? Serum K decreases to less than 3.5 -
Normal serum potassium (K), also known as eukalemia, is
generally 3.5-5.5 mEq/L, with some variations of +/- 0.1-0.3
mEq/L depending on the laboratory testing, age, and oth-
er potential patient-specific conditions and variations. Alter-
Page 1 of 58
, WGU D027 Course Material Questions
WGU D027 Course Material Questions
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_9c3reg
ations in fluid volume or the administration of a supplement
alone do not necessarily contribute to the development of
hypokalemia.
6. What is an example of both hy- Uterine enlargement due to pregnancy -
perplasia and hypertrophy? Hyperplasia is the increase in the number of cells of an organ
or tissue, while hypertrophy is the enlargement of the cells
of a given organ or tissue without a change in the number
of cells. Muscle cells grow and enlarge (hypertrophy) in re-
sponse to increased work or stress from exercise or increased
cardiovascular pressures. When a liver is damaged or part
of it is removed, it is the one internal solid organ capable of
regeneration to repair itself creating more cells (hyperplasia).
During pregnancy, the uterus must both grow to create more
cells and enlarge those existing cells in preparation for the
support of a fetus.
7. What regulates the sodium Aldosterone -
balance? Aldosterone is a regulatory hormone produced by the adrenal
glands to affect the kidneys' regulation of sodium, potassium,
and water excretion.
8. What is the alteration if the ex- Hypotonic -
tracellular fluid volume is less In hypotonic states, the cell size is increased as a result of
than normal? water moving from the extracellular fluid (ECF) into the cell
to increase intracellular fluid. Iso- or normotonic states are a
balanced state between intra- and extracellular fluid volumes.
Hypertonic states cause water to shift out of the cell to increase
the ECF above normal.
9. When in excess, what do Hydrogen -
buffers absorb? Excesses of acid or base, H+ or hydroxyl ion (OH−), are ab-
Page 2 of 58
, WGU D027 Course Material Questions
WGU D027 Course Material Questions
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_9c3reg
sorbed for the purpose of maintaining pH homeostasis (pH
of 7.38-7.42)
10. Which of the following would pH below 7.35; Bicarbonate level below 22 mEq/L -
a patient with metabolic acido- The diagnosis of metabolic acidosis requires that the testing
sis have? of arterial blood finds that the pH is less than 7.35 and the
bicarbonate level is less than 22 mEq/L.
11. What is the process by which Translation -
RNA directs the synthesis of Translation refers to this process. Transcription is another
polypeptides? process in which RNA is synthesized. Mutation means genetic
material has been modified through inheritance. Creation is
a term that does not apply in this context.
12. What is the recurrence rate for 50% -
autosomal dominant disease? For a couple in which one or both partners are affected by the
disease, the chance of each child being heterozygous affected
is 50%.
13. Which of the following state- It affects both men and women equally -
ments is true about autosomal A criterion for recognizing the inheritance of an autosomal
recessive disease? recessive disease is that men and women will be affected by
it in equal measure.
14. What is the proportion of the Prevalence rate -
population affected by a dis- Incidence rate refers to how many new cases there are of a
ease at the specific point in disease within a period of time divided by the number of the
time? population's individuals. The prevalence rate is affected by the
incidence rate and how long the affected patients survive. Risk
factor is anything that could lead to disease. Relative risk is the
measure of a risk factor effect.
15.
Page 3 of 58
, WGU D027 Course Material Questions
WGU D027 Course Material Questions
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_9c3reg
Which of the following should Get a thorough family history -
be completed when a disease Environment and lifestyle choices may influence a disease, but
is multifactorial but has a larg- diseases such as breast cancer are hereditary, so the family
er genetic component? history should be reviewed.
16. Which action is the purpose of To destroy foreign, invasive microorganisms -
the inflammatory process? The general purpose of inflammation is to initiate the destruc-
tion of foreign or invasive organisms. As a secondary effect, it
increases the healing and immune response processes of the
body.
17. What causes edema that oc- Increased vascular permeability -
curs during the inflammatory Increased pressure in the vasculature secondary to the va-
process? sodilatory effects of inflammation will result in the leakage of
fluid into third spaces (i.e., edema).
Previousquestion
18. In what structure do B lympho- Bone marrow -
cytes mature and become B The bone marrow is where immature immune cells, such as
cells? B and T lymphocytes, reside to mature into B cells. After this
maturation process, these cells migrate to other organ sites
such as the thyroid, spleen, and thymus to enter their final
stages of differentiation and development.
19. Which type of immunity oc- Passive acquired immunity -
curs when antibodies are Active immune processes are the self-originating processes
transferred from donor to re- of the immune system that occur from (acquired) or without
cipient? (innate) prior exogenous simulation or exposure to foreign
antigens. Passive immunity is stabilized. Existing immune re-
sponses that are present with or without simulation can arise
or be created from oneself (innate) or acquired from an out-
side source (e.g. donor antibodies).
Page 4 of 58
WGU D027 Course Material Questions
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_9c3reg
1. Which of the following is not a Combustion -
cellular function? All living cells must absorb and metabolize sources of ener-
gy, excrete waste and by-products of those processes, and
reproduce to continue offspring. Pyrotechnic processes (i.e.
combustion) are generally metaphorical.
2. What are mitochondria re- Energy production -
sponsible for? Mitochondria are the energy production organelles of the
cell responsible for the major metabolic processes of creating
units of energy (e.g., ATP).
3. Which if the following can Increased lymphatic pressure -
cause edema? Decreased vascular and lymphatic pressure does not gener-
ally result in the movement and accumulation of fluid into ex-
travascular spaces. Increased plasma pressure in the vascular
results in hypertension, while increased lymphatic pressure
will readily result in the pooling of lymphatic drainage into
third spaces (i.e. edema).
4. Which of the following best de- Two diploid cells, called daughter cells, are produced -
scribes the result of cellular re- The resultant offspring of cellular reproduction is the creation
production? of two daughter cells after the completion of mitosis or meio-
sis. Interphase is the longest period that a cell spends its life
cycle and is the preparatory stage before cellular reproduc-
tion. Anaphase is the separation of genetic materials to the
opposing centromeres of the cell, followed by telophase.
5. What indicates hypokalemia? Serum K decreases to less than 3.5 -
Normal serum potassium (K), also known as eukalemia, is
generally 3.5-5.5 mEq/L, with some variations of +/- 0.1-0.3
mEq/L depending on the laboratory testing, age, and oth-
er potential patient-specific conditions and variations. Alter-
Page 1 of 58
, WGU D027 Course Material Questions
WGU D027 Course Material Questions
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_9c3reg
ations in fluid volume or the administration of a supplement
alone do not necessarily contribute to the development of
hypokalemia.
6. What is an example of both hy- Uterine enlargement due to pregnancy -
perplasia and hypertrophy? Hyperplasia is the increase in the number of cells of an organ
or tissue, while hypertrophy is the enlargement of the cells
of a given organ or tissue without a change in the number
of cells. Muscle cells grow and enlarge (hypertrophy) in re-
sponse to increased work or stress from exercise or increased
cardiovascular pressures. When a liver is damaged or part
of it is removed, it is the one internal solid organ capable of
regeneration to repair itself creating more cells (hyperplasia).
During pregnancy, the uterus must both grow to create more
cells and enlarge those existing cells in preparation for the
support of a fetus.
7. What regulates the sodium Aldosterone -
balance? Aldosterone is a regulatory hormone produced by the adrenal
glands to affect the kidneys' regulation of sodium, potassium,
and water excretion.
8. What is the alteration if the ex- Hypotonic -
tracellular fluid volume is less In hypotonic states, the cell size is increased as a result of
than normal? water moving from the extracellular fluid (ECF) into the cell
to increase intracellular fluid. Iso- or normotonic states are a
balanced state between intra- and extracellular fluid volumes.
Hypertonic states cause water to shift out of the cell to increase
the ECF above normal.
9. When in excess, what do Hydrogen -
buffers absorb? Excesses of acid or base, H+ or hydroxyl ion (OH−), are ab-
Page 2 of 58
, WGU D027 Course Material Questions
WGU D027 Course Material Questions
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_9c3reg
sorbed for the purpose of maintaining pH homeostasis (pH
of 7.38-7.42)
10. Which of the following would pH below 7.35; Bicarbonate level below 22 mEq/L -
a patient with metabolic acido- The diagnosis of metabolic acidosis requires that the testing
sis have? of arterial blood finds that the pH is less than 7.35 and the
bicarbonate level is less than 22 mEq/L.
11. What is the process by which Translation -
RNA directs the synthesis of Translation refers to this process. Transcription is another
polypeptides? process in which RNA is synthesized. Mutation means genetic
material has been modified through inheritance. Creation is
a term that does not apply in this context.
12. What is the recurrence rate for 50% -
autosomal dominant disease? For a couple in which one or both partners are affected by the
disease, the chance of each child being heterozygous affected
is 50%.
13. Which of the following state- It affects both men and women equally -
ments is true about autosomal A criterion for recognizing the inheritance of an autosomal
recessive disease? recessive disease is that men and women will be affected by
it in equal measure.
14. What is the proportion of the Prevalence rate -
population affected by a dis- Incidence rate refers to how many new cases there are of a
ease at the specific point in disease within a period of time divided by the number of the
time? population's individuals. The prevalence rate is affected by the
incidence rate and how long the affected patients survive. Risk
factor is anything that could lead to disease. Relative risk is the
measure of a risk factor effect.
15.
Page 3 of 58
, WGU D027 Course Material Questions
WGU D027 Course Material Questions
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_9c3reg
Which of the following should Get a thorough family history -
be completed when a disease Environment and lifestyle choices may influence a disease, but
is multifactorial but has a larg- diseases such as breast cancer are hereditary, so the family
er genetic component? history should be reviewed.
16. Which action is the purpose of To destroy foreign, invasive microorganisms -
the inflammatory process? The general purpose of inflammation is to initiate the destruc-
tion of foreign or invasive organisms. As a secondary effect, it
increases the healing and immune response processes of the
body.
17. What causes edema that oc- Increased vascular permeability -
curs during the inflammatory Increased pressure in the vasculature secondary to the va-
process? sodilatory effects of inflammation will result in the leakage of
fluid into third spaces (i.e., edema).
Previousquestion
18. In what structure do B lympho- Bone marrow -
cytes mature and become B The bone marrow is where immature immune cells, such as
cells? B and T lymphocytes, reside to mature into B cells. After this
maturation process, these cells migrate to other organ sites
such as the thyroid, spleen, and thymus to enter their final
stages of differentiation and development.
19. Which type of immunity oc- Passive acquired immunity -
curs when antibodies are Active immune processes are the self-originating processes
transferred from donor to re- of the immune system that occur from (acquired) or without
cipient? (innate) prior exogenous simulation or exposure to foreign
antigens. Passive immunity is stabilized. Existing immune re-
sponses that are present with or without simulation can arise
or be created from oneself (innate) or acquired from an out-
side source (e.g. donor antibodies).
Page 4 of 58
